Essential Accounting Formulas for Financial Statements
Balance Sheet Equations
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Net Accounts Receivable = Gross Accounts Receivable – Allowance for Uncollectibles
Allowance for Uncollectibles = Gross Receivables x Estimated Percentage
Net Realizable Value (NRV) = Accounts Receivable – Ending Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Equity and Stock Transactions
Issuing stock increases Equity.
Common Stock Balance = Number of Shares Issued x Par Value per Share
Additional Paid-in Capital
Read MoreCash Flow Statement: Activities, Methods & Preparation
Understanding Cash Flow Activities
It is important to first identify the resources generated or used by the business during the accounting period, classified into three main areas:
- Cash generated by or used for operating activities.
- Cash generated by or used for investment activities.
- Cash generated by or used in financing activities.
Operating Activities Cash Flow
Cash flow from operating activities represents the cash generated from the main, regular income-producing activities of the business. These
Read MoreAccounting Records for Sales
Item 7. Accounting Record of Operations, Marketing, and Sales
7.1. Accounting for Sales PGC
System of Accounting Records and Accounts to Identify PGC
- (700) Sale of goods
- (701) Sales of finished products (35)
- (702) Sales of semifinished products (34)
- (703) Sale of products and waste (36)
- (704) Sales of container and packaging (326, 327)
- (705) Services
Create Accounts and Subaccounts for the Registration of Sales of Goods
The PGC accepts accounts and subaccounts as may be necessary.
Example: blue pen 70001,
Read MoreUnderstanding Accounting Vouchers, Books, and Financial Ratios
Accounting Vouchers
Proof of Income:
These are used in transactions related to entering the company’s background.
Proof of Outflows:
These are used in transactions related to the outflows of the company.
Other Transactions:
These are used in other transactions made by the company.
The information contained in the proof is the origin for registration in the books, and they should also make accounting reports.
Books of Accounts: Purchases and Sales Assistants
These books are records of journal and subsidiary
Read MoreRevenue Recognition & Valuation
Criteria for Recognition and Valuation
The fair value of the consideration we receive is usually the price of the good related to the operation, less discounts or rebates, whatever their nature, and incorporated in the nominal interest loans maturing within a year.
Interests may be included in commercial loans with a maturity not exceeding one year when there is a contractual interest rate and the effect of not discounting the cash flows is not significant.
Also consider: taxes on these transactions
Read MoreUnderstanding Income Statement, EBITDA, and Cash Flow
Income Statement
Revenue from contracts with customers
Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress
Supplies
Work carried out by the company for its capital assets
Other operating income
Other operating expenses
Expenses for employee benefits
EBITDA
Amortization and depreciation
Impairment on non-current operating assets
Capital grants transferred to income
Results from disposal of non-current operating assets
Operating Results
Finance income
Finance expenses
Changes in fair value of financial
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