Political Reforms and Social Tensions in Early 20th Century Spain
Reforming the Biennium: The government was led by the left forces, centreesquerra. A nutrition was partit. The Republican provincial government, dominated by Moscow, called for elections and began to act by decree to work in the field. The government decreed that the days of 8 AM and owners had to cultivate all land if they wanted to spend their usufruct.
In education: Creating schools, new places, and three-month net biblioteques. In the ejercit, garlic was offered to general managers and officers who could retire with a full salary.
Republic Constitution: The election in Spain gave triumph to the leftist coalition led by ERC and centre. They got 36 deputies. The right became a minority. Highlight matches with the small groups of antirepublicans, agricultural, or monarchists. The court was commissioned to draft a new constitution that reflected the values of the left and the majority. A drafting of the constitution had consensus, especially in sensitive areas.
31-33 Constitutional Government: President of the Republican Zamora and head of government Azaña. The Azaria government continued the reforms established; laws of agrarian and military reform and the granting of the Statute of Autonomy. From this law, many acres of land were available to the state, although the distribution of property among the peasants was slow. The failure of the reform was one of the reasons for the disappointment of Spain’s campesinos. A problem between landowners and agricultural laborers had been radicalized during the period. Throughout the entire period, plus the opposition of the Catholic sector, there was agitation in the Andalusian countryside, and the anarchist aixacament attempted a coup against the Royalists.
The Autonomy of Catalonia: The Catalan Republican government was headed by Francis M. The arrival of three government ministers from the Spanish Republic led the Catalan nationalist leaders to renounce national sovereignty and change the federal rule. In Catalonia, the Regin provincial self-government was obtained, the Generalitat of Catalonia, and the commitment to begin the process to approve a status of autonomy was approved. The statute of Nuria defended the structure as the Spanish Federation and defined the principality as having autonomous status within Spain, including the republic’s language. The discussion of the statute began, and the right-wing parties and some sectors launched attacks against it, leading to an anti-Catalan campaign in the press.
The Conservative Biennium: Azana fell to Zamora and called elections. The Spanish right stood in two groups: one that openly opposed the Republic (monarchist and fascist groups, including JONS) and another that proclaimed openly about their status and agreed to transform it into a right-wing effect as CEDA-Gil-Robles. Socialists labeled Gil-Robles as fascist and announced a social revolution if the right won.
Agrarian Reform Abolishes the Right: The review of the constitution and amnesty for political crimes accused people. The formation of the Lerroux government followed.
The Revolution of October ’34: After the triumph of the right, sectors of the PSOE and UGT were preparing for an armed insurrection with a general strike. The reason justifying the outbreak of the revolt was the entry of the CEDA into Lerroux’s government. The left parties feared that Gil Robles could stage a coup from power, prompting the UGT to call a general strike, which the CNT did not join.
Catalonia and October 6: After Francis M. Luis was president of the Generalitat, Catalunya lived in a situation of social tension, as in both industrial and agricultural sectors. The league left the Catalan chamber, disagreeing with the policy. In ’34, several progressive laws were passed in the Catalan parliament, and the left deputies of the Republican party left Congress in protest. The general strike and the arrival of three members of the CEDA government caused the reaction of President Luis, who proclaimed the Catalan state. Luis surrendered and was imprisoned, and the Statute of Autonomy was suspended.
Final Part: ’36 Election: The government was relatively centralized and politically undermined. Repression and trials aroused sympathy among the population for political prisoners. The Lerroux government resigned. All governments were brief. The President called elections, which showed a bipolarization. The left presented themselves under the name of Popular Front, while the right did not. In Catalonia, on one hand, the left front, and on the other, the right front of order. The Popular Front won a majority in Congress.