Herbert Simon’s Bounded Rationality: Decision Theory

Herbert Simon’s Bounded Rationality Theory

Herbert Simon’s theory explains how individuals make decisions with limited information and cognitive abilities. This framework is known as “bounded rationality.”

Key Components

  • Bounded Rationality: Individuals have limits in thinking and processing information, leading to satisfactory rather than optimal decisions.
  • Satisficing: Individuals seek adequate solutions rather than perfect ones, balancing effort and outcome.
  • Three-Stage Decision-Making Process:
    • Intelligence
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Social Media’s Negative Impacts: Misinformation, Mental Health, Privacy

Social Media’s Negative Impacts

The widespread use of social media platforms has dramatically changed how people communicate and interact. While these networks offer undeniable benefits, their negative aspects often outweigh the positive ones. This analysis outlines key reasons for this perspective.

Misinformation and Fake News

Social media platforms are breeding grounds for misinformation and fake news. Their wide reach and the ease of content sharing allow inaccurate information to spread rapidly,

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Labor Law: Wage Compensation & Benefits Regulations

Compensation and Wage Regulations

Article 129: Salary Determination

The salary shall be freely determined, but in no case shall it be less than the minimum fixed by the competent authority as prescribed by law.

Article 130: Wage Fixing Criteria

In fixing the amount of wages for each type of work, the quantity and quality of service shall be taken into account, as well as the need to ensure a humane and dignified living for the worker and their family.

Article 131: Worker’s Right to Dispose of Wages

The

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English Communication & Personal Descriptions

English Communication Methods

This section explores various communication preferences and their perceived advantages and disadvantages.

Communication Preferences

  • Speaker 1 (Email User): “I usually use email; it’s quicker and easier than anything else, but I get a lot of spam. There’s nothing worse than spam when you’re really busy.”
  • Speaker 2 (Letter Writer): “I like to write letters. I know regular mail is slower than email, but letters are more personal. And I never send those e-cards; I just think
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Spanish Civil War: Origins, Key Events, and Aftermath

The Spanish Civil War: Origins, Key Events, and Aftermath

The Outbreak of Conflict (July 1936)

In July 1936, a section of the army, along with Falangists and traditionalists, staged a coup against the Second Spanish Republic. The rebels quickly gained strength. On July 19, José Giral, then Prime Minister, gave weapons to the militias of the unions and parties aligned with the Popular Front. Spain was thus divided into two distinct areas, marking the brutal outbreak of the Civil War.

International

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Legado Medieval: Feudalismo, Poesía y Crónicas Históricas

Sociedad Feudal: Conceptos Clave

  • Batlle (Bayle): Recaudador y administrador de los impuestos del señor feudal.
  • Feudatario: Noble que había recibido una propiedad feudal (feudo) a cambio de fidelidad, juramento y dependencia hacia un señor.
  • Castellano: Noble menor, con un ejército de caballeros, que se encargaba de gobernar un castillo y controlar a los siervos y esclavos de su dominio.

Cultura Cortesana Medieval

  • Corte Feudal: Conjunto compuesto por todas las personas de la familia del señor feudal
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Human Spine Anatomy: Vertebrae, Joints, and Curvatures

Spine Anatomy Fundamentals

The spine supports the head and provides mobility to the vertebral column. It combines flexibility (vertebrae) and firmness (intervertebral discs). The vertebrae are larger towards the base of the spine, narrowing superiorly.

Physiological Curvatures of the Spine

The adult spine exhibits four physiological lateral curvatures:

  • Cervical Lordosis: An anterior convexity in the neck region.
  • Thoracic Kyphosis: An anterior concavity in the upper back.
  • Lumbar Lordosis: An anterior convexity
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Data Reduction Techniques for Data Mining & ML

Understanding Data Reduction in Data Mining & Machine Learning

Data reduction is a crucial technique in data mining, designed to decrease the size of a dataset while preserving its most important information. This process is highly beneficial when datasets are too large for efficient processing or contain significant amounts of irrelevant or redundant data.

Key Data Reduction Techniques

Several distinct data reduction techniques are employed in data mining:

  1. Data Sampling: This technique involves
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Human Body Systems: Anatomy, Physiology, and Health

Sense Organs: Detection & Perception

Stimuli and Sensory Receptors

Stimuli: Changes that occur in our internal and external environment.

Sensory Receptors

Specialized structures that detect stimuli and generate nerve impulses.

Depending on their location (internal or external) in the body, they can be:

Interoceptors

Distributed throughout the inside of the body, detecting changes such as variations in blood oxygen levels or blood pressure.

Exteroceptors

Near the surface of the body, detecting changes

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Global Trade and Transport Dynamics

Key Economic Definitions

Trade Fundamentals

Trade: Consists of the purchase and sale of goods to satisfy the needs of the population.

Trade Balance: The difference between what a country sells abroad (exports) and what it buys from other countries (imports).

Balance of Payments: A record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world, encompassing material goods, financial services, and resources.

Information and Movement

Information Flow: Has become widespread with the advent

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