Compiler Design: Implementation of Key Algorithms

Shift-Reduce Parser Implementation (EXP-6)

This section demonstrates a shift-reduce parser implementation in C++.


#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

int z = 0, i = 0, j = 0, c = 0;
char a[16], ac[20], stk[15], act[10];

void check() {
    strcpy(ac, "REDUCE TO E -> ");
    for (z = 0; z < c; z++) {
        if (stk[z] == '4') {
            cout << ac << "4" << endl;
            stk[z] = 'E';
            stk[z + 1] = '\0';
            cout 
Read More

Basque Spiritual Traditions and Mythology

Etxe: The Sacred Basque Home

The Etxe, or traditional Basque dwelling, is deeply intertwined with its physical location; it is also home, a traditional dwelling. In traditional culture, the house is earth, temple, cemetery, hostel, and is also home to the community of the living and the dead. For Basques, it means more than just housing, as it is where inhabitants connect with their ancestors.

Within the house, there is symbolism that protects it as a holy place, including elements like laurel, the

Read More

United States Profile: Key Facts & Civil War History

United States of America: Key Facts & History

General Information

  • Capital: Washington, D.C.
  • Largest City: New York City
  • Official Languages: None at federal level[a]
  • National Language: English[b]
  • Ethnic Groups:
    • 62.1% White
    • 13.2% Black
    • 5.4% Asian
    • 1.4% Native
    • 2.5% Other/Multiracial
    • 17.4% Hispanic/Latino (Note: Hispanic/Latino is an ethnicity and may overlap with racial categories)
  • Demonym: American
  • Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic
  • Key Officials (as of original document):
    • President: Barack
Read More

Mastering Disk Management and File Systems

Disk Formatting and Defragmentation

Basic Formatting Commands

  • To quickly format drive C: with FAT32 and a 64KB allocation unit size: format C: /Q /FS:FAT32 /A:64
  • Alternatively, right-click on the desired drive in File Explorer and select Format.

Disk Defragmentation

Defragmentation helps organize disordered data clusters on your disk, sorting almost all of them for improved performance and efficiency.

  • To defragment a drive in Windows: Navigate to This PC (or My Computer) > Right-click on the Disk Drive
Read More

International Economic Systems and Global Integration

International Monetary Systems and Institutions

The Keynes Plan: Proposal for an International Currency Union

The Keynes Plan proposed a new international monetary system with the following key measures:

  • A non-metallic international currency: the “bancor”.
  • A pre-established method for determining exchange rates between national currencies.
  • An International Clearing Union for international payments compensation.
  • An internal mechanism (1% tax) to stabilize the system by applying pressure on both surplus
Read More

Marxist Philosophy: Materialism and the Critique of Hegel

The Philosophical Divide: Materialism Versus Idealism

According to Marx’s theory, the basic problem of philosophy is the contradiction between two opposing philosophies: materialism and idealism. The problem that arises is the question of the relationship between the material and the spiritual, between being and thinking.

Under the general heading of materialism are located all those philosophers who think that matter comes first and that consciousness is the product of a highly complex development

Read More

Helen Keller’s Early Life: Milestones and Discoveries

Helen Keller’s First Christmas & Early Joys

Helen continued her learning journey under the expert guidance of Miss Sullivan as Christmas approached. It was her first Christmas with Miss Sullivan. Both prepared surprises for everyone. Helen’s greatest amusement and happiness lay in the mystery surrounding the gifts she was to receive. Her curiosity was further piqued by her friends. She continued playing the guessing game with Miss Sullivan.

On Christmas Eve, the Tuscumbia School children invited

Read More

Safeguarding Your Rights: IP and Consumer Law

Intellectual Property Rights: An Introduction

World Intellectual Property Day is observed annually on April 26. The event was established by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 2000 to “raise awareness of how patents, copyright, trademarks, and designs impact daily life” and “to celebrate creativity and the contribution made by creators and innovators to the development of societies across the globe.” April 26 was chosen as the date for World Intellectual Property Day because it

Read More

Essential Literary Concepts and Textual Analysis

Literary Devices Identification

  • 1. Hyperbole
  • 2. Second Person
  • 3. Flashback
  • 4. Ambiguity
  • 5. Alliteration

The Crucible

Setting

  • Salem, Massachusetts, 1692

Themes

  • Religion
  • Jealousy
  • Justice
  • The Supernatural
  • Good vs. Evil

Characters

  • Abigail Williams: Parris’s niece; she initiated the witch trials by falsely accusing others of witchcraft and saved herself by lying throughout the story.
  • John Proctor: A Salem farmer and former lover of Abigail Williams; he is intelligent and independent.

Summary

A group of teenage girls from

Read More

Key Powers of the EU Commission and Council

The European Commission: Functions and Powers

The European Commission is the body responsible for initiating the regulatory process, which constitutes its primary power. The legislative process for any normative act unfolds as follows:

  • The Commission proposes legislation.
  • These proposals must be approved by the Council of the European Union, always considering the national interest.
  • They are also adopted by the European Parliament, almost always reflecting the interests of citizens who have voted.

This

Read More