Key Communication Terms Defined
Values – Beliefs that are long-lasting; they dictate attitudes towards people.
Beliefs – A conviction.
Attitude – Causes us to act in a positive and negative way.
Interpersonal Communication – Communication involving at least two people.
Intrapersonal Communication – Communication within oneself.
Small Group Communication – Communication involving at least three people.
Public Communication – Transmission of a message from a single person to numerous people.
Mass Communication – A single sender sends a
Read MoreFuture Tenses and Conditionals Review
English Language Practice
Future Forms Exercises
Exercise 1
- Are you coming
- I’ll
- are going to visit
- will be
- is taking
- I’ll phone
Exercise 2
- is going to run
- will come
- ’ll lie
- is going to visit
- are driving
Exercise 3
Humans won’t travel outside the solar system for hundreds of years.
What time is Peter coming?
I’ll have a burger and chips, please.
Maria is going to buy a new moped next week.
I hope my boyfriend will remember my birthday.
Exercise 4
- ’ll have finished
- ’ll be playing
- ’ll be standing
- will have
Class Formation and Labor Movements in 19th Century Spain
Emergence of Class Society in 19th Century Spain
Economic Principles of Capitalism
The division of society shifted towards classes based on ownership and economic roles: owners, middle classes, and workers. New economic relationships emerged:
- Mutual Agreement: Formalized through contracts.
- Wealth Distribution: Through wages, profits, and rent.
- Income Sources: Rent from land (landowners), return on investment (capitalists), and wages from labor (salaried workers).
The New Ruling Class Structure
- Nobility:
Flood Dynamics: Hazards, Risks, and Prevention
Understanding Flood Risks and Causes
Floods are a destructive geological phenomenon within the geosphere. Their causes can be geological, climatic, and anthropogenic, originating from events like hurricanes, heavy rainfall leading to river overflow, channel obstructions, and more.
Types of Flood Events
Flooding in continental watercourses (avenidas) can be categorized into two main types:
Torrential Floods
These originate in streams or dry riverbeds carved by water on steep slopes. Water flows sporadically
Read MorePhilosophy: Core Distinctions and Historical Periods
Philosophy vs. Religion
Philosophy differs significantly from religion primarily because philosophy does not rely on revealed knowledge. Philosophical knowledge is acquired through rational reflection on human experience and history, using reason as its primary tool. We understand concepts in philosophy because we can reason about them. In contrast, religion often involves knowledge based on faith rather than reason; one accepts certain truths based on trust in a revealed source, even if they are
Read MoreFundamentos de Economía: Necesidades, Bienes y Sistemas
Introducción a la Economía
Concepto de Economía
Ciencia que tiene como objetivo determinar el mejor uso de los recursos escasos en el mundo por parte del ser humano. Se preocupa por cómo se administran los recursos que son escasos.
Escasez de Recursos: Surge porque las necesidades son ilimitadas y los recursos tienen usos alternativos.
Una necesidad es la carencia de algo, que se satisface mediante bienes o servicios:
- Bienes: Productos que proporcionan alguna utilidad o beneficio.
- Servicios: Algo
Core Concepts in Plato: Metaphysics, Knowledge, and Politics
Plato’s Metaphysics: Two Worlds (Ontology)
Plato argues for the existence of two distinct realms of reality, a concept known as ontological dualism.
The Intelligible World (World of Ideas)
This realm is the true reality, populated by the Forms or Ideas.
- Ideas are the arche (origin and essence) of all things.
- Ontological characteristics of Ideas: They are eternal, immutable, universal, perfect, independent, self-subsistent, abstract, and intangible.
- Humans cannot perceive Ideas directly through the senses;
Post-Colonial Challenges & African Independence Paths
Colonial Legacy: Problems of New Countries
Newly decolonized countries faced serious problems, both economic and political. Some were inherited from the decolonization process itself, while others stemmed from difficulties integrating into the international system and achieving internal stability.
Key limitations included:
- Economic Impoverishment: Characterized by low per capita income levels, the prevalence of the primary sector, and very low economic growth.
- Lack of Infrastructure: A major problem
Key Marketing Concepts: Brands, Value, Channels & Strategy
Core Marketing Concepts: Offers, Value, Channels
Understanding Offers and Brands
Offers provide consumers with a package of benefits to meet their needs. A brand represents an offer from a known source.
Value and Customer Satisfaction
An offer succeeds if it promises value and satisfaction to the potential buyer. Value reflects the benefits and costs the consumer perceives from the offer. Value is a fundamental marketing concept. Satisfaction reflects a person’s comparative judgments based on the results
Read MoreEnglish Language Exercise Fragments
English Practice Snippets
- A: Next vacation
- C: Dad_____
- A: We_____
- B: I____ my new
- C: We are staying at the
- A: What happened many
- C: Who did the person
- C: How is the pest
- B: What did the specialist do?
- A: What did the specialist say?
- B: If you heat water
- A: If you eat too much
- C: If you exercise regularly
- C: If it rains on a highway
- A: If Antony doesn’t cook
- C: If the dog doesn’t eat
- A: If I don’t have breakfast
- C: Orchard
- C: Piglet
- B: Wasp
- A: Opossum
- C: Set the table
- I can’t decide what to wear
- A: I_____ Mum after dinner
- B: