Spain Under Primo de Rivera: A Historical Analysis
The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923-1930)
After a coup, Alfonso XIII commissioned Primo de Rivera to form a new government. Primo de Rivera dismantled the Cánovas system (dissolving the courts, annulling the 1876 Constitution, and outlawing political parties) and introduced a one-party authoritarian regime, the Patriotic Union, following the model of Italian fascism under Benito Mussolini. The social groups supporting the new regime were the bourgeoisie, landowners, industrialists, the Church,
Read MoreLegal Representation: Concepts, Powers, and Types
Direct Representation: Core Principles
The requirements for direct representation stem from three fundamental elements:
1. Acting on Behalf of Others
This requires the representative to be perceived by third parties as acting on behalf of another. This can be established through express acts (e.g., a power of attorney) or implied by good faith and the circumstances (e.g., the representative receiving other representatives to conduct business).2. Action for the Principal’s Benefit
The representative’
Macroeconomic Fundamentals: Indicators, Growth, and Markets
How the Economy is Measured
What is GDP and its types? Why distinguish them?
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country over a specific period, typically one year. It serves as a broad indicator of economic activity and performance.
There are two primary forms of GDP:
- Nominal GDP: Measures economic output using current prices in the year the goods and services are produced. It can be misleading when comparing over time because it
Secondary Economic Sector: Industry, Construction, and Global Impact
The Secondary Economic Sector
The secondary sector encompasses two primary activities: industry and construction. Construction is an economic activity dedicated to creating buildings and infrastructure. Industry is the main component of secondary sector activities. It involves the transformation of raw materials into manufactured products. This process typically utilizes machinery, with each worker performing specialized tasks within a factory setting, ensuring efficiency and specialization in specific
Read MoreEssential Computer Science Concepts and IT Definitions
System Fundamentals
A system is a set of interrelated parts working together to achieve a common goal.
System Components
- Environment
- Inputs
- Process
- Outputs
Information Systems
An Information System (IS) is a set of elements and procedures designed to improve data processing and elaborate reports, facilitating decision-making to achieve beneficial goals.
Data Processing
Data Processing is a series of elementary operations performed on data to produce results.
Process Flow: Reception → Storage → Processing
Read MoreShip Anatomy: Essential Maritime Terminology
Key Ship Components Defined
Understanding the various parts of a ship is crucial for anyone involved in maritime activities. Here are definitions of fundamental vessel components:
- Keel: The core of a ship, the keel supports the structure of the ship and is the first part to be built. Some ships also have a hydrodynamic keel designed to increase their efficiency.
- Hull: The most visible part of the ship, as it is the body of the watercraft.
- Bulkheads: Compartments which run across the ship from side to
Spanish and Russian History: Key Political Concepts
Spanish Restoration Politics: Key Questions
- Is the text’s tone positive or negative regarding the political system?
- Who were criticized for their negative influence? The oligarchs and the civil governor, the Cacique.
- What is the author’s opinion on the system of government?
- Which classes and conservative governors were responsible for falsifying the people’s votes?
- Was political life solely dominated by the Cacique system?
- What other aspects were not controlled by this system? Military service.
- During
Foundations of Political Science: Concepts and Methodology
Political Science, broadly and non-technically, is the study of phenomena and/or political structures. It involves a systematic approach conducted with scientific rigor, supported by a comprehensive review of facts developed on the basis of rational arguments.
Elements for Scientific Rigor in Political Science
For Political Science to be considered a science, it must possess these three elements:
- Orientation of Study: A clear focus for investigation.
- Application to Political Phenomena: The study should
International Economic Accounts: BOP, IIP, and National Identity
The Balance of Payments (BOP)
The Balance of Payments (BOP) is an accounting framework that records transactions between residents of an economy and non-residents over a given period of time. Transactions can include exchanges of goods, services, rights, and financial assets, as well as transfers without compensation.
Sections of the Balance of Payments
Current Account Transactions
Records transactions related to:
- Goods and services (e.g., travel, transportation, financial services)
- Primary income (e.
Political Participation in Modern Democracies
Political Participation in Representative Democracy
The original meaning of the word participation in Latin was to take part in a deal and communicate something. Political participation refers to taking part in the election of rulers. It is a process by which political power is allocated and distributed by the public, and through which the electoral process voluntarily communicates policy preferences from citizens to politicians and the general public.
Forms of Political Participation
Political participation
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