Medieval Spanish Literature: Poetry, Prose, and Novels
Medieval Spanish Literature
1. The Romance
1.1 Definition and Features
Ballads are anonymous narrative poems intended to be sung. They are typically composed of eight-syllable verses with assonance, though variations in verse length exist (nine, seven, and six syllables).
1.2 Old and New Ballads
Old ballads are documents from the late Middle Ages and mid-16th century, a period of great popularity for the form. Due to their anonymity and oral transmission, they are difficult to date. The oldest known
Read MoreThe Valldaura Legacy: A Tale of Family and Fortune
VII noted, very old, goes to pasaetjar
Attorney, very old, go for a stroll.
He slept all afternoon and decided to leave. Shaver felt useless because he retired and nobody needs it. He decided to see the tower of Valldaura because it had received a letter from Sofia. I remembered when I had adventures with Teresa and years before his death, was to take wine with her. Sofia Shaver married a French industrialist and had inherited a large fortune and decided to pull the tower and more modern apartment
European Powers & WWI: A Historical Overview
1. The Great European Powers
1.1 The Democratic Powers
Great Britain
Great Britain, a liberal monarchy reigned by Victoria I, was the most powerful, developed, prosperous, and influential country. Its political system was based on the alternation of power between the Tories (Conservatives) and Whigs (Liberals). By the end of the 1890s, the Whigs struggled to maintain power, and the Labor Party lost ground. The modernization process involved electoral reform laws, creating a more participatory system.
Read MorePhysical Theater & Body Expression: A Comprehensive Guide
Physical Theater and Body Expression
Physical theater encompasses nonverbal signals reflecting personality, feelings, and attitudes. It contributes to body awareness and expressive capabilities, achieving these objectives:
- Develop body awareness and capacity.
- Enhance creative expression.
- Empower the body.
- Improve social integration and interpersonal relationships.
Components of Body Expression
Body expression involves considering biotypology, space, and time.
Biotypology
Biotypology studies the relationship
Read MoreSpanish Literature of the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Spanish Society of the Late Nineteenth Century
In 1898, Spain’s last colonies—Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico—gained independence. This military defeat, known as the Disaster of 1898, provoked a deep crisis of the collective consciousness and a generalized feeling of decline. Young intellectuals of the middle classes denounced social injustice, Spain’s backwardness, and the selfishness of the dominant oligarchy (upper class). These intellectuals critiqued the bourgeoisie, whose values
Read MoreSpanish Literature from 1940 to 1970
The lyric from 1940 to 1970
During this period, there are circumstances that contribute to a literary vacuum: the death earlier poetry (Lorca, Machado …), imprisonment and exile (Alberti, Cernuda).
Despite this, the lyric is one of the most prolific genres of the time. Since the Civil War until the end of the dictatorship was followed different trends regarding the political transformations gift. Miguel Hernandez made a bridge between the Generation of ’27 and the lyricism of postwar nation in
Wage Management and Labor Contracts
Wages
Wages: The total economic benefits workers receive in cash or in kind for providing professional labor services.
Wage Rates According to Payment Method
Wages in Kind: Payable in property other than money; cannot exceed 30% of total wage perceptions.
Salary Metal: Payable in legal tender, either in cash or bank transfer.
Method of Calculation of Salary
- Wage per Unit of Output: Based on the amount of work done.
- Wage per Unit of Time: Based on the duration of service.
- Joint Salary: Based on both the
Catalan Literature: Renaissance to Modernism
Tema19
1) For the romanticism that favored the emergence of the Renaissance?
Because their preference for popular poetry, his exaltation and defense of the personality and the freedom of peoples, was a time when the Renaissance were more field conducive to raise their problems and where historic Catalan literature had its classics.
2) What other factors influenced the emergence and development of the Renaissance?
demographic expansion and improvement of farming techniques produced the first capital
Read MoreThe Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest
Historical Context
The Reign of Philip III, IV, and Charles II
Spain during the reigns of Philip III, Philip IV, and Charles II saw the rise and fall of royal favorites such as the Duke of Osuna (Philip III) and the Count-Duke of Olivares (Philip IV).
Crises
- Politico-Military: War in Flanders, Portugal’s independence, conflict in Catalonia, and disputes with France.
- Socio-economic: Losses, loss of life, declining population, military expenditure, crop failures, epidemics, state bankruptcy, tax increases,
Adjectives: Characteristics, Formation, and Syntactic Roles
Characteristics of Adjectives
Central Adjectives
Central adjectives can be inflected to show comparative and superlative degrees (e.g., nice-nicer-nicest). They have two main syntactic roles:
- Attributive: Part of a noun phrase, preceding and modifying the noun (e.g., brown eyes).
- Predicative: Characterizes a noun phrase that is a separate clause element. They typically occur as subject predicatives following a copular verb (be, appear, smell…) and describe the subject (e.g., The cake smells nice).