The Second Spanish Republic: A Tumultuous Period in Spanish History
The Problem of Morocco
In July 1921, amidst a campaign to extend Spanish control around Melilla, the Spanish Rif attacked. The unpopularity of the conflict and the army’s defeat led to media blame on the government and the army. A report by General Picasso caused great debates and was opposed by the army. Republicans demanded drastic measures aimed at the army and the king. Morocco became a political issue, and before the report reached the courts, Primo de Rivera staged a coup.
Primo de Rivera
On
Read MoreTax Systems and Concepts: A Comprehensive Guide
Structure or Elements of Tax
Perpetrator
Is the entity of the tax credit, usually the state, nation, or municipality.
Taxable Person
Is obliged to comply with tax obligations, i.e., taxpayers, managers, or retention agents.
Taxable Event
Is the event that occurs in a law when the person agrees with the state.
Annuity
Is the series of equal and periodic payments that can be taken as entry or exit and need not be annual. It is a series of payments that meets the following conditions:
- All payments are of equal
18th Century Spanish Foreign Policy in Europe
Eighteenth Century Spain: The Development of Foreign Policy in Europe
Post-War of Succession Diplomacy
Following the War of Succession, Spanish diplomacy and the early Spanish army attempted to revise the Utrecht agreements on multiple fronts. One key objective was the denial of the French claim to the Spanish throne. However, the overarching goal of eighteenth-century Spanish foreign policy was the recovery of territories lost in the Peace of Utrecht, which inevitably meant confrontation with England.
Read MoreInformation Structure & Thematic Structure in Discourse Analysis
Information Structure and Thematic Structure: Given+New, and Theme and Rheme
From a semantic point of view, information and thematic structures are closely related. Under normal conditions, the speaker/writer will choose the Theme from within what is Given and will locate the New within the Rheme. Thus, the speaker can use thematic and information structure to produce a wide variety of rhetorical effects, such as in:
- “How old is Joan?”
- A1: “She is forty.”
- A2: “Forty she is.”
In A1, we find the prototypical
Read MoreKingdom Monera: Characteristics, Classification, and Evolution
Kingdom Monera
Overview
Kingdom Monera, now considered obsolete by most experts, was once a fundamental part of the classification of living things. It encompassed prokaryotes, including bacteria and cyanobacteria, and was widely used in textbooks and manuals. This kingdom comprised thousands of species inhabiting diverse environments.
History of Monera
The term “Monera” has a long history, with its meaning evolving over time. Ernst Haeckel first used the term in 1866 as part of his phylogenetic tree
Read MoreThe Enlightenment and Religion: Disenchantment and Secularization
The Enlightenment and Religion
Introduction: The Disenchantment of the World
The Weberian expression “disenchantment of the world” seems particularly appropriate to describe the goal pursued by the Enlightenment. Religious tradition, presented as the ultimate source of legitimacy for virtually everything, sparked a radical debate during the Enlightenment. The French Enlightenment, in particular, reached unprecedented levels of radicalism in Western culture, engaging in an intense debate against the
Read MoreMill’s Utilitarianism: Utility as the Foundation of Morality
How Mill Defends the Usefulness of Action as the Foundation of Morality
Utilitarianism sets the greatest happiness principle as the moral foundation, stating that actions are right insofar as they tend to promote happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain and the privation of pleasure.
Faced with the accusation that a life subject to this moral standard would be a life fit only for pigs, Mill replies that human beings have faculties more elevated than
Read MoreImperialism and World War I: A Historical Overview
Imperialism and War
Bismarck and Armed Peace
The resentment of France after the loss of the rich regions of Alsace and Lorraine was a source of fear for Germany, which focused on their isolation.
- Three Bismarckian systems were carried out between Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and later Italy. The unparalleled rivalry between Russia and Austria led to its failure.
- From 1890 Bismarck was removed from power, passing into the hands of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
- The alliance system proposed by Germany found an
Sources and Theories of Law
1. Formal Sources of Law
Hans Kelsen argues that while the law provides a framework of possibilities for judges to make decisions, it doesn’t dictate a single solution. Judges must choose between these options when sentencing. This choice, according to Kelsen, is an act of will that establishes the law. In other words, judges don’t merely discover and formulate pre-existing rights; they create them through their judgments. Each judicial decision under a particular law introduces a specific legal
Read MoreUrbanization Process Since Neolithic Period: A Historical Overview
The Process of Urbanization
Since the Neolithic period, cities have experienced continuous growth, consistent with the increased level of civilization. The most brilliant civilizations were urban.
A- The Pre-Traditional City
It corresponds to the historical heritage from different historical eras. Its path is heterogeneous and irregular, and Spanish cities are the product of 2000 years of evolution.
- Pre-Roman Cities: There are no current traces of these cities. They were native Iberian and founded by