International Investment, Labor, and UNCTAD
Foreign Direct Investment and Migration
FDI, FII, Multinationals, and TNCs
These terms relate to international investment and the corporations that facilitate it. Definitions are often debated, but we can define them as follows:
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Refers to investment made outside the home country of the investing company in which control over the resources transferred remains with the investor. Eg. Renault buys shares of General Motors.
- Foreign Indirect (Portfolio) Investment (FII): Refers
Business Subsystems and Core Processes
Business Subsystems
In organizations, major subsystems contain secondary subsystems. The main processes—collection, payments, production, purchasing, and sales—are essential.
Purchasing Process
Starts when a need is identified (input). This includes a purchase order. This process is often divided into sectors, potentially based on material type (e.g., productive material) or volume/value (e.g., very large volumes and high values). This goes to an authorizing party for approval. Stock is then checked.
Read MoreAgrarian Structure and Rural Change in Spain
Rural Areas and Their Transformations
Rural areas are the undeveloped lands on the Earth’s surface, including developed agricultural areas where farming, ranching, and forestry take place. In the 1970s, other activities were introduced, such as residential, industrial, services, recreation, and landscape conservation. At present, the rural area is more heterogeneous and complex.
1. Factors: Physical and Human Elements
In Spain, a variety of rural areas exist due to the influence of various physical
Read MoreGlobalization, Ethics, and Societal Challenges
Globalization and the Global Village
In the late ’60s, Marshall McLuhan introduced the idea of the global village, understanding human intercommunication as being generated by global electronic media. McLuhan argued that information travels via highways beyond natural borders, making men and women citizens of the world. Media can foster solidarity but can also shape opinions on controversial facts or actions.
Communication media (informing, disseminating ideas, creating opinion, aiding solidarity)
Read MoreKey Concepts in Business and Human Resources
What presents a flowchart of structural content type?
Only the various units that make up the company.
What do you mean by the Taylorist model of human resources?
To maximize the synergies between man and machine to obtain peak performance.
What is the key to personal and direct communication with external customers?
Effective listening.
5 Phases of Any Project
- Planning
- Organization
- Execution
- Coordination
- Control or Evaluation
McGregor’s Theories X and Y of the Worker
- Theory X: The worker responds to controls
Essential Economic Principles Defined
Political Logrolling Defined
The process where political representatives trade votes or support to gain a majority, often when deciding whether to act, is called: Logrolling.
Normal Goods and Income Elasticity
Regarding a normal good, which has positive income elasticity (demand increases with income): The statement “price is always decreasing demand” is not the definition of a normal good.
Bertrand Model Behavior
What is the pattern of behavior in each iteration in the Bertrand model?: Set a lower price
German Associations, Unions, and Media Landscape
German Associations and Societies
Constitutional Basis: Article 9
Bonn Basic Law Article 9 constitutionalizes these groupings: “All Germans have the right to form associations and societies (…). The right to form associations to safeguard and improve economic and working conditions is guaranteed to every person and every profession. Agreements aiming to restrict or prevent this right shall be void; measures taken to this end are illegal.”
Key Business Associations
Business associations are concentrated
Read MoreCost Accounting System: Construction Phases and Allocation
COSTA 2 Construction Phases
Phase 1: Analysis and determination of production factor costs.
Phase 2: Analysis and determination of the cost of activities carried out.
Phase 3: Analysis and determination of the cost of products or services.
Downstream Process
Elaboration of a scorecard detailing costs and outcomes.
Preliminary Steps
Determination of the company’s functional organization.
Steps in Cost Construction
Cost Classification and Location
- Classification: Direct Costs (DC), Indirect Costs (IC).
- Location:
Eberhard Faber Inc.’s Ethical Crossroads: Bribery and Acquisition
Ethical Issues in the Acquisition
The decision to acquire equity in the foreign company involves significant ethical issues. The fact that the company in question bribes government officials in its country to conduct business presents a major ethical problem. Eberhard Faber Inc. itself would not be breaking US law by making this deal, but the target company is breaking the law in its own country through bribery. This creates an ethical dilemma where the board of directors must decide whether to proceed
Read MoreAmino Acids, Hemoglobin Function, and Enzyme Kinetics
Amino Acid Classification
Nonpolar Amino Acids
Glycine (G), Alanine (A), Valine (V), Leucine (L), Isoleucine (I), Proline (P), Phenylalanine (F), Methionine (M), Tryptophan (W)
Polar (Uncharged) Amino Acids
Serine (S), Threonine (T), Cysteine (C), Asparagine (N), Glutamine (Q), Tyrosine (Y)
Polar (Charged) Amino Acids
Aspartic Acid (D), Glutamic Acid (E), Lysine (K), Arginine (R), Histidine (H)
Protein Structure Notes
Beta-Sheet Constraints
Amino acids with large side groups (R groups) cannot easily fit
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