Ontology, Epistemology, and the Existence of God: A Metaphysical Inquiry
Ontology and Epistemology
The first task of ontology: To clarify terms. Clarifying certain terms can serve as an introduction to ontology. Many of these concepts are so basic that they are difficult to define; what is described are examples. Describing the task of ontology is like a search for the real definitions of certain terms, based on the meaning ascribed to such terms in the language of which they are a part. The terms which ontology tries to give real definitions of are formed largely by
Read MoreAristotle’s Metaphysics and Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Aristotle’s Sublunary Substance and the Unmoved Mover
Sublunary substance refers to the region from the Moon downwards. It consists of a substance that degenerates and wears. Everything is born and dies. With respect to change, in this case, it would be chaotic; things go up, down, colliding, etc. This chaos causes everything to degenerate, to be born and die. To explain the change, Aristotle uses the theory of natural places, based on what Empedocles of Agrigento, a Presocratic philosopher, said.
Read MoreEpithelial, Connective, and Muscle Tissues: Structure and Function
**Epithelial Tissue**
Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells that are tightly packed together, leaving no gaps between them. This means that there is minimal intercellular substance. Its cells have abundant cell junctions, including tight junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes. Epithelial tissue originates from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, and it is renewed by stem cells.
**Types of Epithelial Tissue**
**Covering Epithelium**
This type of epithelium forms the outer covering of the animal’
Read MoreCellular Organelles: Structure and Function in Eukaryotic Cells
Centrosome
The centrosome is a cellular organelle found in animal cells. It is not surrounded by a membrane and consists of two paired centrioles embedded in a set of protein aggregates that surround it, called the pericentriolar material. The walls of centrioles are composed of nine groups of three microtubules (9 + 0 structure). Its primary function is the nucleation and anchoring of microtubules (MTs), so that generically these structures (in conjunction with polar bodies spindle in yeast) are
Read MoreOrgan and Tissue Donation: Medical and Ethical Considerations
Organ and Tissue Transplantation
Transplanting involves the replacement of a diseased organ or tissue that endangers a person’s life. This is done so that the receptors, on the other hand, can function properly. A donor is usually a person who is encephalic-dead or brain-dead (their brain stops working, but their heartbeats are kept artificially). A donor can also be a living person.
Spanish Legislation on Organ Donation
- Definition of brain death as a scientific, legal, and ethical concept of the individual.
The Reign of Charles IV: Crisis, War, and the Dawn of Liberal Revolution in Spain
The Reign of Charles IV (1788-1808): A Continuous Period of Crisis
Social and Economic Crisis
Economic growth slowed in the 1780s and 1790s due to:
- Falling returns from cultivating less productive land.
- Population stagnation from 1790.
- Loss of grain crops, causing a subsistence crisis (1803-1804 famine and epidemics, including yellow fever).
War Crisis and its Consequences
The beginning of Charles IV’s reign coincided with the outbreak of the French Revolution, challenging the political and social foundations
Read MoreUnderstanding Laboratory Materials and Earth Sciences
Module 2
The Material in the Laboratory
1 – What is porcelain used for? (Fig. 23)
For heating solutions to dryness. Heat until the solvent is completely eliminated.
2 – Basis of Crystallization.
It is the difference in solubilities at different temperatures.
Example: We have 100 g of water at 80 ºC, which can dissolve 60 g of substance. Now, if we have 100 g of water at 15 ºC, it can dissolve 20 g of substance. If we prepared the solution at 80 °C and left it to cool to 15 °C, 60 g – 20
Plate Tectonics and Earth’s Dynamic Processes
1. The Birth of Geosciences
Neptune (Neptune = God of the Sea)
It is a mistaken theory about the origin of rocks, is heir to the design of the downpours. The followers of this theory believe that all rocks (including volcanic) have been formed by a process of sedimentation and crystallization in the primitive seas.
Catastrophism
Explains the formation of fossils and the current shape of our planet by the action of successive and major disasters, sudden and violent, such as the Flood. These originated
Read MoreJohn Locke’s Political Philosophy: Key Terms and Concepts
Core Concepts
Common Good
The models either as individuals who are members of a state, and it is this which should provide for each of its members for their welfare and happiness.
Corporatism
Corporatism as a form of action relates to the organization of a community based on partnerships representing the interests of all its component members.
Consent
Free and voluntary assent of an individual to become part of a political community. It is synonymous with the author’s agreement or contract. Consent can
Read MoreSpatial Movements and Demographic Structure of the Spanish Population
IV. Spatial Movements: Migration
Concepts of Internal and External Migration
Migration is the movement of people in space. We distinguish between emigration, the exit of people from their place of origin, and immigration, the arrival of people to a destination. We have temporary, definitive, pendulous, internal, and external emigration. The migratory balance is the balance between immigration and emigration. If the balance is positive, immigration is greater; if it is negative, emigration is greater.
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