The Moderate Decade in Spain: Politics and Reforms (1844-1854)
When it took office, Espartero’s rival, Narvaez, dismantled the urban rebellion and progressive movement. He was ahead of a possible protest from Colonel Prim, who was given the title of Count of Reus. Narvaez inaugurated a decade of tight control of moderate liberalism. Queen Elizabeth II, barely a teenager, was declared of age and raised to the throne ten years after the death of her father. When Fernando VII died in 1833, his successor, Elizabeth II, was only three years old. Ten years later,
Read MorePhilip II’s Reign: Spanish Empire’s Zenith and Challenges
Successor to Charles I
Philip II, known as the Prudent, succeeded his father, Charles I (1556-1598). Although he did not inherit the title of Emperor, he was the monarch of a vast empire and head of a Crown that was the first power in Europe. He inherited his father’s international policy: the defense of Catholicism and the superiority of the Hispanic empire in Europe. Unlike his father, he was a monarch devoted entirely to the matters of his kingdom. He practically abandoned the peninsula and did
Read MoreHume’s Empiricism: Perceptions, Ideas, and Causality
Empiricists argue that there are no innate ideas and that all ideas come from sense experience. Hume stated that all sciences are relevant to human nature, i.e., all sciences fall under human capacities and are judged by man. The only valid approach, according to Hume, is that of Newton, but applied to the science of man.
Understanding Perceptions and Ideas
Perceptions are the contents of the mind in general and are divided into impressions, which are the immediate data of experience, and ideas, which
Read MoreEconomic and Political Turmoil: 1905-1939
Roosevelt’s New Deal
In the United States, President Hoover’s situation had worsened since the crash of 1929. The votes of the workers, the National Confederation of Agricultural Syndicates (CNAS), and middle peasants gave the Democrats victory in the elections. Their principles were the same as those of Keynes:
- The Social Security Act established unemployment insurance and pensions and disability for the first time in the U.S.
- Public works were launched, including the construction of roads, housing,
EU’s Schengen Area, Structural Funds, and Democratic Governance in Spain
The Schengen Area
The creation of European citizenship in 1992 involved the free movement and residence of the inhabitants of the EU. The Schengen Agreement, signed in 1985, established the order of states’ internal border controls. The agreement’s acceptance involves the elimination of borders between EU states. The decrease in the control of the borders between states has, in return, increased surveillance of borders in the states outside the EU (external borders). One objective of this surveillance
Read MoreChile’s 1925 Constitution: Plebiscite and Secular Reforms
The Chairman’s draft, prepared by the subcommittee, advocated for a more accentuated presidential system. In contrast, Radical and Conservative parties advocated for a regulated parliamentary system.
As a compromise, to avoid disruption of the Advisory Committee, it was agreed to consult the people on these two projects: the red vote for the presidential system, and the blue vote for the dissident or parliamentary system. Those who disagreed with either of these formulas could vote blank. There was
Read MoreLabor Relations and Labor Law: Understanding the Fundamentals
Item 1: Labor Relations and Labor Law
I. Work as an Object of Legal Regulation
Labor law is an area on the agenda that has a particular object, which is work. Work is an economic and sociological reality that is hosted by the right. Human activity work is done with an effort that aims to fulfill livelihood and social needs.
1. The term ‘work’ has different meanings:
- Job = job or occupation you have specific task
- Work = activity resulting
2. There are very different forms and types of work (varies with
Read MoreFrancoism: Ideology, Power, and International Relations
The Army’s Role in Franco’s New State
The army was the main bastion of the new state. With a long and spirited traditionalist, totalitarian ideology of the moment, with rare exceptions, it assumed command of its Generalissimo while filling the highest spheres of administration.
The Falange and National Syndicalism
In the 1940s, Franco brought the Falange newer elements of its ideology and its external image. Illiberal, undemocratic, and anti-Marxist, the Falange led to a totalitarian system called
Read MoreAnimal Production Systems: From Extensive to Intensive Farming
Zootecnia: First Test Summary 2006
I. – Production Systems
Animal Husbandry: zoon: animal; techne: art. “Art of animals,” as its purpose is the creation and improvement of diverse aptitudes of domestic animals, executed in a manner that is “beautiful” and useful to man.
- Domesticated animal origin (6,000-10,000 years ago)
Animal Husbandry, Animal Production: It is the integrative science of other sciences (genetics, nutrition, reproduction, etc.). After the right combination, it applies them at the farm
Read MoreHistory, Rules, and Techniques of Soccer
History of Soccer
In 2500 BC, a ball game was played in China as a form of military training.
In the third century BC, Greece had a game called Episkiros.
In Rome, a game called Harpastum was played, which consisted of bringing a ball from one town to another.
In the 7th century, Calcio was played in Florence.
In Normandy, France, they played Soule.
In 1863, England drew up the rules of the game we now know as modern soccer.
There was a rule that stated you could not take or touch the ball with your hands.
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