Cultural Economics: Art, Heritage, and Creative Industries
The economics of the arts and literature, or cultural economics, is a branch of economics that studies the creation, distribution, and consumption of works of art, literature, and similar creative and/or cultural products. For a long time, the concept of the “arts” was confined to visual arts (e.g., painting) and performing arts (music, theatre, dance) in the Anglo-Saxon tradition. Usage has widened since the beginning of the 1980s with the study of the cultural industry (cinema, television programs,
Read MoreAristotle’s Philosophy: Metaphysics, Physics, and Ethics
Aristotle (384 – 322 BC)
Born in Macedonia, Greece, into a family with a medical dynasty, Aristotle was educated at Plato’s Academy, where he later taught rhetoric. He was forced to leave Athens during the rise of the anti-Macedonian party and during the political persecution of Aristotle following the Macedonian reaction to the death of Alexander the Great (who was his student and the son of Philip). Later, he founded the Lyceum.
1. Contexts
1.1. Historical
Athens was suffering the consequences of
Read MoreMarx’s Materialist Conception of History and Critique of Capitalism
Marx’s Revolutionary Philosophy
Marx sought to transform philosophy into a science capable of explaining all of reality. His theory served to criticize the historical reality he lived in and, consequently, to help transform it. It is a practical philosophy with two interrelated revolutionary pretensions:
- Theoretical: To scientifically explain reality, society, and human history to obtain a theory clarifying the ideological consciousness of alienated existence.
- Practical: To develop a program of political
Rationalism vs. Empiricism: Locke, Berkeley, and Hume
Similarities and Differences Between Rationalism and Empiricism
Similarities
Both rationalism and empiricism coincide in the conception of representational knowledge. We immediately know not external reality, but our ideas.
Differences
The differences are revealing. Empiricism searches for external knowledge in experience. There are no innate ideas. Consciousness is empty and positive, and it advocates that our representations are the only sensitive element of which we know something of external reality.
Read MoreVerbs, Adjectives, and Prepositions in English
Verbs and Dependent Prepositions
A
- Abide by
- Abstain from
- Accuse (somebody) of
- Add to
- Adhere to
- Agree with
- Aim at/for
- Allow for
- Apologize to someone for something
- Apply for
- Approve of
- Argue with/about
- Arrest (somebody) for
- Ask for
- Attend to
B
- Believe in
- Belong to
- Blame (somebody) for
- Boast about
- Borrow (something) from (somebody)
C
- Call for
- Care for
- Choose between
- Comment on
- Compare with
- Complain about
- Concentrate on
- Conform to
- Congratulate on
- Consent to
- Consist of
D
- Deal with
- Decide on
E
- Excel at/in
- Excuse (somebody) for
F
- Face up to
- Forgive
Understanding Genetics: From Genes to Chromosomal Alterations
Genes: Fragments of DNA containing information related to one characteristic.
Gene pairs: Two genes, each located on a different chromosome of a homologous pair, that contain information about the same characteristic.
Dominant genes: Genes that manifest their expression in a hybrid individual, preventing another gene, called recessive, from expressing different information about the same characteristic.
Codominant genes: Genes in hybrid individuals where both characteristics have the same strength,
Urban Development in Spain: 19th and 20th Centuries
**Urban Dwelling**
Currently, a core city population is considered, taking into account several aspects:
- Population Criteria: There are three categories of municipalities in Spain: urban municipalities, intermediate municipalities, and rural municipalities.
- Functional Criteria: The city is that locality focusing primarily on industrial and service activities.
- Spatial Continuity Criteria: The city is the reality that expands on the territory in a massive and seamless way.
- Morphological Criteria: The city
Spanish Criminal Code: Collective Security, Public Health, and Road Safety
Of Crimes Against Collective Security
Article 341. The release of nuclear energy or radioactive elements that endanger human life or health of persons or property, but where there is no explosion, shall be punished with imprisonment of fifteen to twenty years and specific disqualification for employment or public office, profession, or occupation for a period of ten to twenty years. Whoever, without being included in the previous article, disrupts the operation of a nuclear facility or radioactive,
Read MoreCorporate Structures: Limited Liability and Corporations
**Company Bodies**
Consist of:
- General Board: This is the body of deliberation and decision. Matters the Board can address include: censorship of social management, approval of annual accounts, application of profit for the appointment and dismissal of directors, and amendment of the statutes.
- Directors: The management of the company may be entrusted to a single administrator or a Board of Directors. Administrators have to meet certain requirements:
- May not engage in similar kinds of trade that are
Chola Dynasty: A Legacy of Tamil Culture and Power
The Chola Dynasty: A Legacy of Tamil Culture and Power
The Chola dynasty was an empire of Southern India until the 13th century. It was the longest-ruling dynasty, lasting approximately 1500 years. Among all the South Indian dynasties, it was the most powerful and efficient. This dynasty was situated in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River, stretching from the north banks of the Godavari River to as far as the southern islands of the Maldives. The Chola Empire left a huge legacy, thereby making
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