Understanding Different Types of Laws and Legal Principles
Common Law
Common law is the standard ordinary legal status, usually the second step in the legal hierarchy of a state’s laws, following the Constitution and in parallel with organic laws or equivalent (which often have unique requirements for approval and deal with specific matters). It is at the same hierarchical level but with different powers. However, Spain’s Constitutional Court held in its Judgement of February 13, 1981, that the relationship between regular and organic law is not one of hierarchy,
Read MoreMexican Civil Code: Sales, Leases, Donations, and Other Contracts
Purchase
Article 1397.- The purchase is a contract whereby one party transfers ownership of one thing or all of the right and the other pays a certain price in money.
Article 1398.- The sale is binding on the parties by agreement only them in the thing and the price, although the first has not been delivered, nor the second satisfied.
Article 1399.- If the price of the thing sold be paid partly in money and partly in value otherwise, the contract will be for sale when the share of cash, equal to or
Read MoreRoman Architecture: Maison Carrée, Pantheon, and Colosseum
Maison Carrée
Brief Description: Rectangular temple.
Elements of Support: Cella and Corinthian order columns. The columns are attached to the wall. The capital has acanthus leaves, and the columns rest on a base.
Elements Supported: Architraved system. The entablature has three parts: an architrave with three strips, previously a frieze decorated with plant themes ran throughout, and a protruding ledge. It also features a gabled roof and a triangular pediment.
Interior Space: A rectangular cella with
Read MoreThe Fronde: Civil Unrest in 17th-Century France
The Fronde: Civil Unrest in 17th-Century France
1. Introduction
The Fronde, a series of revolutionary movements, occurred in France during the regency of Anne of Austria and the minority of Louis XIV (1648-1653). It was the last significant uprising against the French monarchy by the nobility and was followed by the Franco-Spanish War of 1653-1659. The Fronde can be divided into two distinct phases:
- The Parliamentary Fronde, or “Old Fronde,” marked the beginning of the conflict.
- The Fronde of the Princes,
Human Settlements: Urban and Rural Dynamics
**Human Settlements: Urban and Rural Dynamics**
**Settlement**
Settlement is the way to take human settlements in space. Types: rural and urban differ in their dimensions and characteristics.
- Rural settlements include small dimensions, such as villages and towns where the predominant sector is primary.
- Urban population comprises over-sized settlements, cities, and secondary sectors. The population works in the tertiary sector.
**Factors Influencing Rural Population**
- Physical: Relief features, the presence
Immanuel Kant’s Epistemology and its Impact
Historical Context of Immanuel Kant’s Philosophy
Immanuel Kant was born on April 22, 1724, in Königsberg. In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a protest against religious orthodoxy spread through German Pietism. This religious trend, followed by Kant’s parents, exerted a profound influence on him. Kant was influenced by the rationalism of Wolff but also became aware of the trends from English empiricists. On the other hand, Newton’s physics deeply impressed Kant, and he was also
Read MoreTelevision and Video Recording Technologies: CRT, LCD, Plasma, VCR, DVD
Television: Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)
A TV operates through an electronic process that converts electromagnetic waves into a quick sequence of images and sounds that replicate reality. The received signal contains information with different frequencies for color, light, and sound.
Traditional CRT-type TVs have a cathode-ray tube in which the received signal with the antenna creates a three-beam radiation of electrons. These are accelerated by the anode to the screen, covered with phosphorescent substances
Read MoreThe 1978 Spanish Constitution: A Foundation for Democracy
Spanish Constitution (Adopted by the Court on October 31, 1978)
Introduction
This is a selection of 6 of the 169 articles that comprise the Constitution of 1978, a legal-historical text of a political nature. Spanish democracy is defined by it. Its development was after the 1977 general elections, the first task the UCD government headed by Adolfo Suarez had to deal with as the newly elected Congress. After much-debated sessions in the Courts, the Constitution was approved in a national referendum
Read MoreDeming’s 14 Principles and Total Quality Management Gurus
Eduardo Deming: The 14 Principles
- Constancy to Improve Products and Services: The goal is to stay in business and provide jobs through innovation, research, constant improvement, and maintenance, rather than just making money.
- Adopt the New Philosophy: This philosophy should be accepted as its own and adopted by all in the company to achieve constancy of purpose for continuous improvement. One of the principles of ISO 9000 states: “The continuous improvement of overall performance should be a permanent
Microbial Control and Sterilization Techniques
Sterilization and Microbial Control
Sterilization – a process that destroys or removes all viable microorganisms, including viruses.
Sterile – any material that has been subjected to sterilization.
Bactericide – chemical that destroys bacteria except for those in the endospore stage.
Fungicide – chemical that can kill fungal spores, hyphae, and yeasts.
Virucide – chemical known to inactivate viruses, especially on living tissues.
Sporicidal agent – destroys bacterial endospores.
Microbistasis
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