Alfonso XIII’s Reign and Spain’s Path to the Primo de Rivera Dictatorship
Spain and the First World War
Spain maintained a position of neutrality in the European conflict. This is explained by the traditional political isolation of the Spanish exterior that had left the country outside the system despite the official alliance. Spanish society took sides with one or another opponent, and there was controversy among Germanophiles, supporters of the Allies, and the upper classes. The church and most of the commanders of the army and the Royal Palace itself favored the Central
Masterpieces of 19th-Century Art and Architecture
Tassel House
Victor Horta
Location: Brussels
Date: 1892 – 1893
Materials: Stone, iron, glass, ceramic, and wood
Style: Art Nouveau
Eiffel Tower
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
Location: Paris
Date: 1887 – 1889
Materials: Wrought iron, 125mm x 305m height
Architecture of new materials
The Thinker
Auguste Rodin
Location: Musée Rodin, Paris
Date: 1880 – 1900
Description: Freestanding, cast, seated figure, monochrome
Materials: Bronze
Dimensions: 1.98m x 1.29m x 1.34m
Style: Impressionism
The First Cold
Miquel Blay
Location: Originally
Read MoreSpanish Courtly Lyric Poetry in the 15th Century
The 15th Century Courtly Lyric
The fifteenth century was a transitional period between medieval and modern times.
Social and Cultural Changes of the 15th Century
Much of the 15th century developed in Spain, but the unification of the realms of Aragon and Castile through the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs restored stability to the country after a civil war. The economy still had a rural, agrarian base. The economic crisis brought social upheaval.
The most crucial renewal of this period occurred in
Read MoreHuman Resources Department: Functions and Structure
Concept and Organization
This department organizes, directs, coordinates, and studies the activities of remunerated workers within a company.
Organization of the Human Resources Department: Formal and Informal
Enterprises are created with a number of departments, to which are assigned particular roles. This is called formal organization. Informal organization, on the other hand, arises from impulsive and personal relationships, communication channels, leaders, etc.
Formal Organization
- Sets the direction
- Hierarchical
Spanish Civil War: Causes, Key Players, and Aftermath
Major World Powers and the Spanish Civil War
Republican Support
Progressives favored the Republic. The Soviet Union and Mexico supported the Republic, while democratic forces and fascist governments believed that supporting the Republic would slow the spread of communism westward. The papacy also favored Franco. Both sides received outside help. The rebels sent agents to ask for support. The Republic asked for help from France, Britain, and the U.S., but they refused, fearing it would start an international
Read MoreMaritime Transportation Impact on Port Evolution and Operations
What Has Maritime Transportation Brought to the Ports?
Ports were born as protected places with a sea connection. Over the years, this concept produced an operational loss to vessels, up to 30% of their useful life, because they were obliged to stay at port docks for a long time, loading and discharging cargoes. This caused high operational costs, affecting freight rates and ultimately impacting end users. On the other hand, there was no other vision.
What Originated This Stagnant Situation in the
Read MoreReligious Experience: An Existential Inquiry
The Era of Ideology
Our era is an era of ideology. Instead of learning from reality with all its data and building upon it, we try to manipulate reality by adjusting it to the consistency of a schema. The triumph of ideology proclaims the downfall of civilization, as St. Augustine suggests.
Realism in Investigation
First, an investigation of any event or thing requires realism. St. Augustine said, “I investigated to find something, not to think.” The healthy person wants to know how the facts are.
Read MoreMystical Poetry of Saint John of the Cross and Garcilaso de la Vega
Saint John of the Cross
The importance of Saint John of the Cross derives from three of his poems: Spiritual Canticle, Living Flame of Love, and Dark Night of the Soul. The theme of the three is the same: the mystical union with God, symbolized by the love of a man and a woman. They have two levels: literal and symbolic. The poems describe the mystical process with phases of search and suffering at times, and others that come on suddenly. The religious sense is so subtle that without John’s comments
Read MoreGeneration of ’27: Key Authors and Their Poetic Styles
Generation of ’27: Key Features
The characteristics of the Generation of ’27 include similar ages among its members. For instance, Pedro Salinas was born in 1891, and Luis Cernuda in 1902. They possessed a strong literary culture and intellectual curiosity, and their wealthy family backgrounds allowed them to dedicate themselves to poetry. They maintained liberal political attitudes during the Spanish Civil War and supported the Republic. They primarily worked in Madrid at the Residencia de Estudiantes,
Read MoreAlfred Hitchcock, The Pawnbroker, The Exorcist, and More: Classic Film Analysis
Alfred Hitchcock: Master of Suspense
- British, 1899-1980
- Directed 50 films over six decades
- Stylistic Trademarks:
- Camera movement mimicking a person’s gaze, creating voyeurism (e.g., shower scene in “Psycho”)
- Framing shots to maximize anxiety, fear, or empathy
- Innovative film editing
- Often featured fugitives on the run alongside “icy blonde” female characters
- Twist endings
- Came to Hollywood in 1939, signed by Selznick to a seven-year contract
- Worked within the studio system but maintained creative control
- More