Management Theories: Evolution and Modern Practices
Evolution of Management Theories
Classical Management Theory (1880-1930)
- Scientific Management by F.W. Taylor
- Administrative Management by Henri Fayol
- Bureaucratic Management by Max Weber
Neoclassical Management Theory (1930-1950)
- Human Relations Movement
- Behavioral Sciences Movement
Modern Management Theory (1950 Onwards)
- Quantitative Approach
- System Approach
- Contingency Approach
Classical Management Theory
1. Scientific Management
Frederick W. Taylor (Chief Engineer in Bethlehem Steel Company, USA) – Father
Read MoreFundamental Principles of Energy, Motion, and Fluids
Topic 5: Energy
Energy is the property of materials, bodies, or systems that allows for the production of transformations such as work and/or heat.
- 1 J = 0.24 cal
- 1 kJ = 103 J
- 1 cal = 4.18 J
- 1 kcal = 103 cal
Mechanical energy (Em) is the energy linked to the position or movement of bodies. There are two types of Em, and Em = Ec + Ep
Ec: This is the energy that moving bodies possess. Its value depends on the mass and velocity of the body.
Ep: This is the energy that certain bodies possess due to their position.
Teacher’s Role in Mediated Learning: Cognitive & Social Growth
The Role of the Teacher/Mediator
Learning is a socially mediated process, which pushes students to go beyond what they can do alone. Mediation is a process of interaction between the human organism in development and adult experience. It implements the features that guide the teaching process, established in three categories:
A) Cognitive
- Intentionality and Reciprocity: The mediator establishes goals and objectives and is selected to share with the student’s intentions in a mutual process. The reciprocity
Major Technological Revolutions: Impact on Society
The First Major Technological Revolution
The first major technological revolution was led by the printing press a few centuries ago. The press changed all the messages circulating in society: news, educational, scientific, entertainment, government measures, and religious and political laws. But what all text proposed was a change in thinking: reading in isolation, direct contact with the message, narration, and distance to the facts. Reflection and all the information, its dissemination from one
Read MoreCanadian Criminal Law: Key Sections, Interpretation, and Actus Reus
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- S. 1 – Rights and freedoms in Canada
- S. 2 – Fundamental freedoms
- S. 7 – Life, liberty and security of the person
- S. 8 – Search and seizure
- S. 9 – Detention or imprisonment
- S. 10 – Arrest or detention
- S. 11 – Proceedings in criminal and penal matters
- S. 12 – Treatment or punishment
- S. 13 – Self-crimination
- S. 14 – Interpreter
- S. 15 – Equality before and under law and equal protection and benefit of law
Purposive Interpretation
Canadian law uses purposive
Read MoreKant’s Synthesis of Knowledge: A Priori and Empirical
Kant’s Synthesis of Knowledge
Copernican Revolution: Kant argues that human knowledge is a synthesis between the empirical and the a priori. A priori knowledge unifies and synthesizes sense experience, which is empirical, plural, and amorphous. Knowledge results from the interaction of the a priori forms of the knower and the multiple data supplied by the object of knowledge, which is the phenomenon. The a priori has primacy because it adapts to understanding and regulates the objects of knowledge.
Read MoreMonarchy, Social Classes, and Revolutions: 18th Century
Political Life in 1789
By 1789, the political system was a monarchy. The King claimed his power derived from God, and his subjects had no right but to obey. The King declared war and peace and led the entire administration. Provincial governors administered the provinces. The King was subject to the law but should consider the people’s needs. Torture was used to obtain confessions.
Social Life
Clergy
The clergy was the most privileged class. They had a good reputation, large territories, and did not
Read MoreMaternal Cardiovascular Changes and Signs of Labor
Cardiovascular Changes in the Mother
The cardiovascular response is influenced by multiple factors: individual, specific to each woman, and predictable, among which include posture, mode of delivery, and anesthesia or analgesia used.
- Minute volume: There is a further increase in cardiac output. Each uterine contraction causes changes in cardiac output as a function of the body position that the woman takes. During the second stage, the minute volume increases up to 50% and during delivery up to 80%
1917 Russian Revolution: Bolshevik Rise, Civil War & Stalin’s Totalitarian Rule
The October 1917 Revolution
Social and political instability, exacerbated by the ongoing war, could not be halted by the interim government. Continuous defeats weakened the government and strengthened the role of the Soviets. Bolshevik leader Lenin returned and the April Theses established a program: withdrawal from the war, land redistribution, worker control of factories, autonomy for nationalities, and transfer of power to the Soviets. A popular insurrection was prepared in July but failed, and
Read MoreSpanish Bank Restructuring & Financial Market History
Spanish Restructuring
The Spanish government, under Zapatero, created a bank restructuring fund called FROB (Fondo de Reestructuración Ordenada Bancaria) to recapitalize the banks. FROB lent 14 billion euros to the banks until 2012, when the European Union rescued the Spanish banks.
Mergers of the Savings Banks
Mergers occurred to reduce excess capacity and strengthen their financial position. The most important merger involved Caja Madrid and six other smaller savings banks, forming Bankia. Bankia
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