Sustainable Development: From Brundtland to Corporate Responsibility
Brundtland Commission (1987)
- Also known as the World Commission on Environment and Development.
- Chairperson: Gro Harlem Brundtland, appointed by the UN in 1983.
- The UN General Assembly was concerned about the deterioration of the environment and natural resources.
- The Commission released Our Common Future.
- This document popularized the term “Sustainable Development”.
Brundtland Report
The 1987 Brundtland report, Our Common Future, helped define sustainable development. In 1983, UN Secretary-General Javier
Read MoreSupply Chain and Inventory Management: Key Concepts
At each of its home games, the Washington Check-Kiters football team sells programs that give statistics of the teams involved in the current game’s contest: 50 percent
Using the data from Exhibit 12-3 and the regression model, what is the sales forecast if Gamma is expected to be 21? (Round your forecast to the nearest number of whole units.): 39
Which of the following factors should be considered when one designs a forecasting process? All of these
Using the data from Exhibit 12-4, the company has
Read MoreEssential English Vocabulary, Grammar, and Writing Skills
Essential English Vocabulary
Phrasal Verbs: put on = ponerse; take off = quitarse; get on = subirse; get off = bajarse; fill in = rellenar; cut out = recortar; put in = introducir; take out = sacar; pick up = coger; cut down = talar; turn up = subir volumen; turn down = bajar volumen; run away = huir; look back = mirar atrás; throw away = tirar la basura; give back = devolver
Adjectives: sensible = sensato; silly = ridículo; reliable = fiable; unreliable = falso; patient = paciente; impatient =
Personal Finance: Planning, Investing, and Financial Health
Chapter 1
Personal Finance: the process of planning your spending, financing, and investing activities, while taking into account uncontrollable events such as death or disability, in order to optimize your financial situation over time.
Opportunity cost: what you give up as a result of a decision.
Steps to develop a financial plan:
- Establish your financial goals
- Consider your financial position
- Identify and evaluate alternative plans
- Select and implement the best plan
- Evaluate the financial plan
- Review
Pearson
Read MoreWomen’s Rights Movements: A History of Activism and Social Change
Early activists fought for the right to vote (suffrage), the prohibition of liquor, raising the age of consent, and better maternity conditions (parks, food, milk). They also advocated for the peaceful settlement of international conflicts. Most were middle and upper-class white women who believed in white supremacy, and their ideals often didn’t benefit women outside their social and ethnic origin.
However, women of other backgrounds also participated:
- Rural US women: Supported progressive farming
Understanding the Problem of Induction: Habit, Experience, and Knowledge
The Problem of Induction
Can we be certain that past experiences will repeat in the future? What is the basis of our predictive knowledge? Does it stem from relations of ideas or matters of fact?
Predictive knowledge, a matter of fact, arises from experience. The idea that “the future conforms to the past” relies on experience, yet experience itself depends on this assumption. How can we be sure when experience has often disappointed us?
Psychological Explanation of Induction
According to Hume, our
Read MoreEffective Project Stakeholder Management: Identification and Engagement
Project Stakeholder Management
Project Stakeholder Management includes the processes required to identify the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by the project, to analyze stakeholder expectations and their impact on the project, and to develop appropriate management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project decisions and execution. Every project has stakeholders who are impacted by or can impact the project in a positive or negative way. Some of them
Read MoreSpanish Habsburgs: Philip IV, Charles II & War of Succession
Lower Austria
Philip III (1598-1621)
Philip IV (1621-1665): The Rise of the Count-Duke of Olivares
The Count-Duke of Olivares sought to restore the monarchy’s international position by fully mobilizing its resources. This meant that all territories would participate in the common effort with the same sacrifice that Castile made. During most of Philip IV’s 40-year reign, Spain fought throughout Europe, in the Americas, and in some of the Hispanic kingdoms and territories. It was believed that this effort
Read MoreSpanish Lyric Poetry: Postwar Period to the 1970s
Spanish Lyric Poetry: From the Postwar Period to the Late 1950s
As was happening in other literary genres, there was also a major change following the Civil War. However, there were some bridges between poetry before and after the war. Two of the poets of the Generation of ’27 who remained in Spain became role models for young writers:
- Dámaso Alonso, whose Hijos de la ira (1944) started a trend of existential poetry.
- Vicente Aleixandre, whose History of the Heart (1954) became the model for postwar
Organizational Structures: Centralization, Decentralization, and More
Centralization: Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: Clear authority and responsibility. Direct reporting lines. Top-down decision-making. No overlapping functions.
Disadvantages: Limited creative input from lower levels. Bureaucratic processes. Potential for increased staffing.
Decentralization: Pros and Cons
Pros: Faster decision-making at the problem level. Develops leadership skills. Promotes individual criteria.
Cons: Potential for inconsistent actions. Complicated communication. Difficult long-