Historical Materialism: Marx’s Core Concepts
Marx’s Historical Materialism
This theory is based on the achievements of man in nature and conditions in running the existence of individuals.
A. Levels of Social Structure
The social structure is divided into three levels:
- Economic activities take place for the production of material goods necessary to live. Marx considers this level as the infrastructure of the social structure.
- Legal and political power establishes the mechanisms and rules of a community (represented in the state and law).
- The ideological
Consumer Rights: Package Travel and Timeshare Contracts
Article 162: Liability of Organizers and Retailers
1. Package organizers and retailers shall be liable to the consumer or user, depending on the obligations of their respective areas of responsibility for managing the package, for correct compliance with obligations deriving from the contract, independently of whether these must be performed by themselves or by other service providers, and without prejudice to the organizer or retailer’s right to bring proceedings against said service providers.
Read MoreDemographic Transition and Migration: Impacts on Economies
Demographic Transition
The starting point is usually a situation of stationary population growth, despite the high birth rates (low life expectancy) and the high mortality due to the inadequacy of food resources and health care. Economic development tends to be linked with the improvement of agricultural productivity and health conditions, resulting in a drastic reduction in mortality rates. This change originates the “demographic explosion”. Explosive population growth tends to follow a logistic
Read MoreMastering English Verb Tenses: Simple, Continuous, Perfect
Present Simple
- I talk, you talk, he/she/it talks, we talk, they talk
- I don’t talk, he/she/it doesn’t talk
- Do you talk? Does he/she/it talk?
- Things that happen habitually. Adverbs of frequency are often used: always, every day, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never
- Generalities or scientific facts. He doesn’t eat vegetables. Elephants live in Africa.
- Scheduled events in the near future. The train leaves at 10:00. The party is tonight.
- Instructions. Open the window. Eat the vegetables! Do your
Top Theme Parks Worldwide: An Interview with Andy Wells
Transcript
Interviewer: Good morning. Today we’re going to talk about theme parks, and we’re going to hear from Andy Wells, who has written a book about theme parks around the world. Welcome to the program, Andy.
Andy: Hi, it’s good to be here.
Interviewer: You really have a dream job, don’t you, Andy? Flying around the world all the time, visiting adventure parks …
Andy: Well, yes, it’s pretty exciting. But it’s really hard work too, you know.
Interviewer: I bet. So, what’s the number one theme park
Read MorePre-Socratic Philosophers: From Myth to Reason
Key Features of Pre-Socratic Thought
- Replacing Myth with Reason: Pre-Socratic philosophers replaced mythical narratives with rational explanations.
- Order in the World: They sought to give the world a necessary order, moving away from the idea that tragic things occur arbitrarily.
- Focus on *Physis* and *Arche*: They focused on *physis* (nature) and the *arche* (the fundamental principle or origin of everything).
- Discovering Truth: The scientist discovers what is behind phenomena, and the principle that
Spanish Conservative Biennium & Catalonia’s Autonomy 1933-1936
The Conservative Biennium (1933-1936)
The government of Manuel Azaña fell in September 1933 due to disagreements between political parties. These disagreements stemmed from the Casas Viejas incident* and his incompatibility with President Niceto Alcalá Zamora.
The Right to Power
During the biennium, the Spanish right had time to reorganize. They formed two groups: one openly opposed the Republican regime (monarchists, Carlists, and *Falange, founded by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera). The other group
Read MoreDescartes’ Philosophy: Reason, Doubt, and Existence
Descartes: The Universe of Rationalism
Descartes sees the universe through the lens of rationalism. The unity of reason and science is paramount. The method Descartes uses is another matter. There is no human wisdom that remains identical, even when applied to various sciences and diverse knowledge. Incremental manifestation of knowledge is the only reason for Descartes.
The Structure of Reason and Method
Descartes identifies two types of knowledge: intuition and deduction.
- Intuition: A light or natural
Mastering English Future Tenses: Examples
Mastering English Future Tenses
Simple Future
Used for predictions, spontaneous decisions, promises, and offers.
- Take an umbrella! You will get wet if it rains.
- Who do you think will win the race?
- I don’t feel well. I think I will stay home today.
- I’m thirsty. I will order a drink.
- An old man just got on the bus. I will give him my seat.
- I am hungry. I think I will eat something.
- I’m feeling cold and tired. I think I will have a nice hot bath.
- Chris will be happy to hear your news.
Future Continuous
Used
Read MoreDescriptive Research: Longitudinal, Transversal, and Correlational Studies
Descriptive Research Objectives
Descriptive research aims to discover and interpret what is. It is used to explore, providing facts, data, and information, paving the way for new theories and research. It analyzes individuals, groups, institutions, materials, etc., to describe, compare, classify, analyze, and interpret.
Longitudinal Studies
Also known as follow-up studies (UK) or panel studies (USA), longitudinal studies are used to describe something over a period of time. They are often used in studies
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