Winston Smith’s Struggle Against Totalitarian Control
Winston Smith’s Forbidden Love and Rebellion
Winston schemes to approach Julia, the girl he’s interested in. For several days, he tries to talk to her until one day in the cafeteria, he manages to speak to her discreetly, ensuring no one notices. From that moment, Julia and Winston begin a secret relationship, meeting whenever they can in different places. Eventually, Mr. Charrington rents Winston the room above his shop.
This room becomes their refuge, free from the small monitoring telescreens.
Read MoreGovernment Procurement: Tenders, Direct Contracts, and Supplier Registration
Abbreviated Tender Process
This process is initiated in response to the regular budget allocated for goods and non-personal services, based on the Administration’s assessment of market competition and business needs.
Participation Requirements
The Administration should invite at least five service providers, who must be registered in the register of suppliers.
Tender Submission Deadlines
The deadline for receiving tenders may not be less than five nor more than twenty working days.
Adjudication and Award
Read MoreUnderstanding Narrative Discourse: Key Elements & Techniques
1. Narrative Discourse: Communicative Events
1. Narrative discourse: awareness of the communicative events If the major purpose of descriptive discourse is to paint with words (cf chapter 3), the chief object of narrative discourse is to narrate, that is, to tell a story; thus, ‘tellability’ becomes the main concern of narrative discourse. In this sense, it may be suitable to emphasize from the start, that narrative discourse does not talk about a story, but rather tells a story. Telling a story
Read MoreItalian Renaissance Painting: Key Artists and Techniques
Italian Renaissance Painting: Techniques and Masters
Painting during the Renaissance focused on representing the natural world. Artists aimed for precision and scientific accuracy, employing geometric systems, most notably perspective, to achieve this. Perspective revolutionized how artists perceived and depicted the world, providing a new vehicle for representing shape, proportion, and the physical characteristics of objects.
Color and Light in Renaissance Painting
The natural color of an object was
Read MoreSpain’s Restoration Era: Monarchy, Politics, and Society
Restoration: The Return to Constitutional Monarchy
King Alfonso XII, son of Isabel II, was proclaimed king in 1874, marking the beginning of the Restoration. The new king supported a constitutional monarchy and appointed Canovas del Castillo as chairman of the government. Canovas was instrumental in the return of the Bourbons to the throne. He ended the war in Cuba and the Carlist War. The political system was based on two pillars: a new constitution and the alternation of parties in power.
The Tiempo
Read MoreMastering Essential English Grammar Concepts
Understanding Future Tenses
Will + Infinitive
- Used for predictions.
- Used for decisions made at the moment of speaking.
Be Going To + Infinitive
- Used for plans or intentions based on present evidence.
Present Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect Simple
- Example: I have walked / He has walked.
Present Perfect Continuous
- Example: I have been walking / He has been walking.
Direct and Reported Speech Rules
Tense Changes in Reported Speech
- Present Simple becomes Past Simple
- Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous
- Present
International Business Expansion: Strategies & Market Entry
Understanding International Business Entities
International Company: An exclusively exporting or importing company typically does not have significant investments in other countries.
Multinational Company: Companies that operate in several countries, where each country has its own rules, but all are governed by a common overarching entity.
Transnational Company: Companies with headquarters in their country of origin and subsidiaries in several other countries, with these subsidiaries depending on the
Read MoreOrigins of World War I: Imperialism, Nationalism, and Global Rivalries
Imperialism and Pre-War Tensions
The Moroccan Crises
The Berlin Conference of 1885 had attempted to establish measures and arbitration agreements between the empires, but as new countries emerged, conflict erupted again. Hostilities between rival imperialists were particularly evident in North Africa, specifically the area of Morocco. The First Moroccan Crisis occurred in 1905. The German government offered its support to the Sultan of Morocco, hoping he could withstand French pressure. To resolve
Read MoreSpanish Experimental Novel: 1960s-1970s Literary Innovations
The Experimental Novel of the 1960s and 1970s
The experimental novel, prominent in the 1960s and 1970s, emphasized how things are said rather than simply what is said. Self-referential writing is one of its main themes. This novel reacted against the social realism of the 1950s and broke with the earlier linear narrative. In linear narrative, events follow a normal chronological order (past, present, and future).
In contrast, the experimental novel frequently features structural breaks, moving forwards
Read MoreThe Industrial Revolution: Economic Shifts and Technological Advancements
The Industrial Revolution: Early Foundations
In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Europe experienced a recovery of agriculture and trade. The fourteenth century brought a crisis that weakened feudal lords and led to the emergence of employees and small farmers. Monarchs struggled for power with feudal lords. From the sixteenth century, silver from Peru was distributed through looting, war, and trade. Monarchs had to resort to bankers for expenses. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
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