Isabella & Ferdinand: Unification of Spain
Isabella and Ferdinand: The Unification of Spain
By the Treaty of Guisando (1468), Henry IV recognized his sister Isabella as heir to the Castilian throne, against the interests of the king’s daughter, Juana “la Beltraneja.” Isabella secretly married Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469. On the death of Henry IV, civil war broke out between Isabella (supported by Aragon) and Juana (supported by Portugal, France, and parts of the Castilian nobility). After the victory of the Isabelline forces in the Battle
Read MoreKant’s Philosophy: Ethics, Future, and Metaphysics
Kant’s Categorical Imperative and Moral Action
What should I do? Instead of pursuing an end, Kant’s ethics focuses on the duty that dictates how we should act. Using a categorical imperative, which is universal, practical reason tells us how we should behave. A moral action is one guided by reason and good will, acting out of duty and respect for the moral law. According to Kant’s categorical imperative (an absolute and unconditional order), we should “act according to that maxim that you want
Read MoreNutrient Distribution and the Circulatory System
The Distribution of Nutrients and the Circulatory System
The body needs to distribute nutrients and oxygen to cells and remove waste products like CO2, which will be eliminated by the excretory organs. This is the primary function of the circulatory system.
Components of the Circulatory System
- Blood: The means of transport for nutrients, oxygen, and waste.
- Blood Vessels: A network of tubes through which blood circulates.
- Heart: An organ that acts as a pump, making blood circulate.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries:
Software Refactoring and Its Impact on Code
Refactoring
What if your design is wrong?
Refactoring is the process of changing a software system:
- In such a way that it does not alter the externally-visible behavior of the code, yet improves its internal structure.
- But many changes will alter externally-visible behavior! Must be careful.
Standard Refactoring
- There are some refactoring operations that can be applied in many places. Whole catalogues are devoted to these.
Rename
- Names matter; fix them when they fail to express purpose clearly.
- Can be applied
Curriculum Development: Principles and Planning
Curriculum: Think, Analyze, Design
Software, Organized
Why Teach – Learn?
Purpose, goals, high ideals.
- Why teach? To achieve objectives.
- Why learn? To develop skills.
What to Teach – What to Learn?
Contents:
- Conceptual
- Procedural
- Attitudinal
Who to Teach – Who Learns?
Any person subject to education: children (A) …
How to Teach – How to Learn?
Methodology, Instructional Strategies
When to Teach – When to Learn?
Time: chronological and psychological.
With What to Teach – With What to Learn?
Learning Resources
Where
Read MoreCanonical Form Requirements for Religious Marriage
Religious marriage requires specific capacity and a consent form. Consent alone is insufficient; a formal, responsive instrument of consent declared by the parties is necessary. This instrument aims to provide objective evidence of the act for legal significance, either publicly or privately, in the presence of two witnesses.
Form vs. Celebration
The form of the act (the receptive instrument of consent) differs from the form of the celebration (the issuance of consent).
Purpose of Form
The form serves
Read MoreExtremadura in the Cortes of Cadiz & War of Independence
Extremadura in the Cortes of Cadiz
Given the waiver for Joseph Bonaparte, liberal institutions emerged in Spain. These institutions took power under the coordination of the Supreme Central Junta at Aranjuez. The Extremaduran Junta Central Superior (JCS) was organized in 1808. The members of that board were persons of social importance attached to the Church, nobility, army, and administration. The Extremaduran JCS had several locations because of the war.
The situation across the country imposed the
Read MoreRoot Structure and Development in Plants
Root Cap Function and Origin
The root cap, or cofa, is a structure that protects the apical meristem of the root as it grows and penetrates the soil. It is composed of living parenchymal cells derived from the apical meristem. It originates from the caliptrogen in monocots and the calyptra-dermatogen in dicots. The root tip secretes mucilage, which aids in ion exchange, adherence to soil particles, and nutrient chelation. Root georeaction (response to gravity) is controlled by Ca++ and the hormone
Read MoreEcosystem Dynamics and Nutrient Cycles
- Keystone species exert strong control on a community by their ecological roles, or niches.
- In contrast to dominant species, they are not usually abundant in a community.
- Ecosystem engineers (or “foundation species”) cause physical changes in the environment that affect community structure.
- Beaver dams can transform landscapes on a very large scale.
- The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
- Energy enters an ecosystem as solar
Vocabulary: Common Words and Phrases
Vocabulary of Common Words and Phrases
This document provides a list of common words and their synonyms or related terms.
Words and Definitions
- Arms: Arms
- Armor: Armor amount
- Arrange: To arrange
- Preemption: Preemption right
- Afford: Afford
- Asparagus: Asparagus
- Aware of: Aware
- Amount: Amount
- Army: Army
- Ageless: Young, eternal
- Based on: Based in
- Battle: Battle
- Beach: Beach
- Bread: Bread
- Butter: Butter
- Believe: Believe
- Bet: Bet
- Blind: Blind
- Confusing: Confuso
- Collapse: Derrumbarse
- Coastal area: Coastal area
- Crack: Crack
- Crucial: