Key Exercise Physiology Formulas and Conversions
Exercise Physiology: Key Formulas and Conversions
Conversions
- 1 kg = 2.2 lb
- 1 inch = 2.54 cm
- 1 mph = 26.8 m/min
- 1 L of O2 = 5 kcal
- 1 lb of fat gain/loss = 3500 kcal
- 1 inch = 0.0254 m
Cardiac Output (Q) and Stroke Volume (SV)
Oxygen Consumption (VO2) – Fick Equation
VO2 (ml/min) = Cardiac Output (Q) x a-v O2 difference (ml/100ml)
Myocardial Oxygen Demand (MVO2) – Double Product or Rate-Pressure Product
MVO2 (mmHg/min) = [HR (bpm) x Systolic BP (mmHg)] / 100
Oxygen Pulse (O2 Pulse)
O2 pulse (ml O2/beat) = VO2 (
Read MoreLiterary Genres, Devices, and Poetic Forms Explained
Literary Genres, Devices, and Poetic Forms
Demonstrations, “Essay: variable extension work in which we develop a topical issue giving judgments and opinions personales.
Epistle: poetry or prose, with a letter approach, which develops themes related to society or politics, so instruct, moralize, or satirize.
Fable: a short story or little anecdote with didactic purposes. It usually takes the form of a moral teaching or maximum sentence called moraleja. Its characters are almost always animals and can
Read MoreUnderstanding Verbs and Adjectives: Morphology and Syntax
The Verb
The verb is a word that indicates action and process. The verb form is constituted by the root or stem and inflections or grammatical morphemes. The root is the part that supports the meaning. To locate the root, remove the endings -ar, -er, or -ir from the infinitive. For example, from cantar (to sing), the root morpheme is cant-.
The endings contain a wealth of information. These inflections indicate:
- Singular or plural number
- Person: first, second, or third
- Tense: present, past, or future
- Mood:
Women, Politics, and the State: Feminist Perspectives
Women, Politics, and the State
State: A New Form of Patriarchy?
- The modern state has taken control of systems traditionally controlled by religion, custom, and male-dominated social groups.
- While sometimes beneficial, this can be offset by restructuring frameworks that perpetuate women’s unequal status.
- Feminist debate: The welfare state can be beneficial if it includes a complete restructuring of funding, working hours, and domestic roles for both sexes. The opposing view argues that the state is central
EU Commission: Powers, Functions, and Duties
Appointment and Removal
Under the rules amended by the Lisbon Treaty, the Commission President is proposed by qualified majority voting by the European Council. The European Parliament must approve the proposal by a majority vote. Such proposals and appointments usually go through unopposed. The High Representative, who will automatically be one of the Vice-Presidents of the Commission, is appointed by QMV of the European Council. The Commission President Elect further nominates the other Commissioners,
Read MoreHuman Body Systems: Nutrition, Digestion, and More
Food and Nutrition
Mediterranean Diet: Emphasizes oil, grains, pulses, fish, vegetables, and fruit.
Digestive, Respiratory, and Circulatory Systems
The Digestive System: Process of Food Digestion
Digestion begins in the mouth, where food is mixed with saliva, initiating the chemical process of forming the bolus. Food is compressed and directed from the mouth to the esophagus by swallowing. From the esophagus, it moves to the stomach, where it is mixed with hydrochloric acid. The bolus is transformed
Read MoreAncient Greek and Roman Art: Influences and Innovations
The evolution of Western art from ancient Greece is crucial for understanding Western history. The Greeks developed techniques (teknos) to create craftwork, achieving incredible perfection. Carpenters, craftsmen, and sculptors were highly regarded, unlike painters who were sometimes looked down upon. The Middle Ages generally maintained the aristocratic social value of labor, with intellectual pursuits like music, theater, poetry, and dance considered more meritorious than manual work. It wasn’t
Read MoreAudiolingual Method: Theory, Techniques, and Classroom Practices
Audiolingual Method (ALM) Theory
The descriptive practices of structural linguistics suggested a number of hypotheses about language learning. Since speech was held to be primary and writing secondary, it was assumed that language teaching should focus on mastery of speech and that writing, or even written prompts, should be withheld until reasonably late in the language learning process. Since the structure is what is important and unique about a language, early practice should focus on mastery
Read MoreEssential English Grammar and Vocabulary for Beginners
Essential English Grammar and Vocabulary
“To Be” Verb Conjugation
- I = AM – DO
- HE-SHE-IT = IS – DOES
- YOU-WE-THEY = ARE – DO
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Count Nouns (Contables)
APPLE – TOMATOES – BANANAS
Non-Count Nouns (No Contables)
MILK – CEREAL – AZUCAR – LECHE
FOOD
UN = AN (Vowel Sound) e.g., APPLE
UN = A (Consonant Sound) e.g., TOM
SOME = Algunos/Algo (+)
I HAVE SOME CARROTS
ANY = Algunos/Algo (-??)
I DON’T HAVE ANY MILK
Prepositions of Location
IN = Dentro / NEXT TO = Al Lado De
BETWEEN = Enmedio De / ON
Read MoreNapoleon’s Rise and Fall: A Historical Overview
Item 5. Napoleonic Europe and Restoration (PAG 88-89 / 139-146)
1. Consulate of the Empire (PAG 88)
Bourgeois republic unipersonal
– 1795-99 Directory: stabilization of the revolution
Ends: bourgeois desire to achieve political stability and economic progress. The property is the basis of the system
Work:
- Constitution of 1795: The new constitution lays the foundation for the restoration of a policy of decentralization, supported by the departments and a liberal policy.
- In domestic policy the Board lived