Understanding Classical Greek Tragic Playwrights
The Argument of Tragedy
The argument of tragedy is the downfall of an important person. The motive of Greek tragedy is the same as that of the epic, namely the myth, but from the standpoint of communication, tragedy develops an entirely new meaning: the mythos (μῦθος) merges with the action, i.e., with direct representation (δρᾶμα, drama). The public sees with their own eyes characters appearing as separate entities operating independently, the scene (σκηνή), provided each from their
Read MoreChemical Processes in the Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Atmospheric Chemistry (Acid Rain, Smog)
In the air, there are a variety of chemicals. Often, these chemicals combine with each other through chemical reactions, creating new types of chemicals. This is called “atmospheric chemistry.” Earth’s atmosphere has different layers. The lowest layer is called the troposphere. We live in the troposphere. Some of the chemicals in the air come from pollution. Most of the gas in our atmosphere is nitrogen. Approximately 4/5 of air is nitrogen.
Read MoreStalin’s USSR: Dictatorship, Economy, and Civil War
The Stalin Era (1928-1953)
In 1928, Stalin became the head of state, establishing a dictatorship supported by the Soviets and the Communist Party. He introduced a new constitution in 1936, solidifying his control over the media and suppressing criticism. Key features of Stalin’s dictatorship include:
- The Cult of Personality: Stalin was presented as a god-like figure, using propaganda to attract the people.
- A Mass Party: Strong Russian nationalism was promoted, requiring the entire population’s involvement.
Software Development: Process and Modeling
Process Steps
- Requirement Analysis: Gathering information about what the customer needs and defining the problem that the product is expected to solve. The results of the analysis are typically captured in a formal requirements specification, which serves as input to the next step.
- Design: This involves defining the hardware and software architecture. The output of this stage is one or more design specifications, which are used in the next stage of implementation.
- Implementation: Constructing the product
Muriel Spark: Biography and “You Should Have Seen the Mess”
Muriel Spark (1918-2006)
Muriel Sarah Camberg (known as Muriel Spark) was born in Edinburgh on February 1, 1918, and died in Florence on April 13, 2006. Educated in Edinburgh, she became editor of Poetry Review and later published a series of biographies of figures like Mary Shelley and Emily Brontë. She is best known for her novels, notably Memento Mori and The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.
She attended James Gillespie’s High School for Girls, where she met Christina Kay, who became the inspiration
Read MoreElection Process: Calls, Nominations, Campaigns, and Polls
1. Call
It is an administrative act, which can sometimes be judicial, for determining the date and time of elections. This act is performed by the President of the territorial area concerned.
To be published in the relevant Official Journal. It can be brought before the courts if:
- The government does not do it within the prescribed period, to prevent the hijacking of democracy.
- There has been an irregularity in an area or district, to repeat the elections.
2. Nominations
They are people who, meeting the
Read MoreIntroduction to Philosophy: Concepts and Branches
Philosophy is an activity that involves thinking and reasoning about concepts and ideas. The recognition of ignorance is the beginning of true knowledge. Philosophy comes from Greek and means “love of wisdom,” and it predates people like Pythagoras. Philosophy is not knowledge itself, but an attitude that starts when we recognize our ignorance of certain themes and issues:
- How is the world, and how do we know it?
- How should we live in the world, and what is proper human behavior?
Branches of Philosophy
Vocabulary for Conflict Resolution and Travel
Essential Vocabulary: Conflict & Peace
VT-1:
- Armistice – Armisticio
- Army – Ejército
- Arrest – Detener/Arrestar
- Assassinated – Asesinado
- Ceasefire – Alto el fuego
- Civil War – Guerra civil
- Concession – Concesión
- Conflict – Conflicto
- Conviction – Convicción
- Demonstration – Manifestación
- Despair – Desesperación
- Disobedience – Desobediencia
- Hostile – Hostil
- Imprisonment – Encarcelado
- Injustice – Injusticia
- Intolerance – Intolerancia
- Intolerant – Intolerante
- Judge – Juzgar
- Justice – Justicia
- Kidnapped – Secuestrado
- Non-
Spanish Theater Before 1936: Trends and Playwrights
Public taste often determined the direction of theater before 1936. Two major trends are frequently discussed: commercial theater and renewal. The former aimed to meet the demands of a typical theater audience, with comic or melodramatic traditional dramatic forms. The latter offered refreshing forms and themes, but it took many years to be fully appreciated.
Commercial Theater: Three Main Streams
Commercial theater developed in three distinct streams:
- Bourgeois Comedy/High Comedy (Benaventina): Named
Spain’s Silver Age: Politics, Art, and Culture (1900-1939)
The Popular Front (February-June 1936)
The new government, led by Santiago Casares Quiroga:
- Decreed an amnesty for the prisoners of the 1934 Revolution.
- Reinstated reforms.
Radicalization between left and right grew. A new political party of extreme right-wing ideas was founded: Falange Española. It demanded a fascist regime for the country. The political confrontation caused the Tragic Spring of 1936, with street fights, attacks, and assassinations between the Falangistas, the communists, and the