Understanding Diversity and Worldviews
Key Terms & Definitions
A. Tolerance
- The ability to accept and respect differences in opinions, beliefs, and behaviors, even if they are not aligned with your own.
- Example: Respecting someone’s religious dietary restrictions, even if you don’t follow them yourself.
B. Agnostic
- Someone who believes that the existence of God or the divine is unknown or unknowable.
- Example: An agnostic person might say, “There may be a God, but there’s no way to prove it.”
C. Discrimination
- The unfair or unjust
Fuel Properties, Coal Analysis, and Corrosion Science
Fuel Definition and Types
A fuel is defined as any substance that can provide heat and produce energy when it is burned. The energy released is generally in the form of chemical energy or heat energy.
Examples of fuel:
- Methanol
- Gasoline
- Diesel
- Natural gas
Types of fuel:
- Solid fuel
- Liquid fuel
- Biofuel
- Fossil fuel
Characteristics of a Good Fuel
A good fuel has the following characteristics:
- Availability: It should be readily available.
- Cost: It should be inexpensive.
- Combustion: It should burn easily in air at a
South America, Africa, and the Caribbean: A Geographic Perspective
Andes Mountains
The Andes are the longest mountain range in the world, located in western South America, stretching from Venezuela to Chile.
Lecture 1: Key Geographic Questions
Geographers explore the location of things, the reasons behind their placement, and how humans interact with their surroundings.
Divisions of Geography
- Physical Geography: Study of natural landscapes (mountains, rivers).
- Human Geography: Study of human societies (cities, cultures).
- Regional Geography: Study of specific regions.
Regionalization
Defining
Read MoreGlobal Socioeconomic Challenges and Development
External Debt
Historically, certain countries have acted as creditor centers for peripheral nations, often with creditors like the IMF and central banks. Recently, debt has been increasing, mirroring the political and monetary interests of debtor countries. Many peripheral economies depend on monoculture plantations. This reliance on a single product creates precarious situations. Droughts, price drops, or other issues can leave these countries without alternative currency sources.
Fair Trade
One
Read MoreUnderstanding Social Responsibilities and Values
Understanding Social Behavior
Types of Responsibilities
- Promise of Speech: When one undertakes to do or say anything, they are responsible for fulfilling that promise.
- Contractual Promises: Signing a contract makes us responsible for the agreement.
- Assignments: When we assign responsibility to another, not only are they responsible, but we are also responsible for having assigned it.
- Occupations: When we are responsible for a job, we are also responsible for its outcome, whether good or bad.
- Citizen Rights:
Transformations in the Late 19th Century: Europe and Spain
The Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
During the second half of the nineteenth century, capitalism was consolidated in the more advanced countries, and states in the modern sense emerged, with a central government, unitary legislation, a common tax system, etc.
In social terms, the bourgeoisie and proletariat were very widespread, whose clashes were ongoing. In parallel, the old nobility continued to decline. Although the bourgeoisie and nobility continued fighting over power, the middle class
Read MoreCharacteristics of Scientific and Technical Language
Language in Scientific and Technical Texts
The scientific and technical discourse is typical of scientific disciplines and, along with other discourses, is called professional language. Science tries to explain the laws governing the phenomena that make up our physical reality. Hence, the need for precision in this type of universal knowledge means that scientific-technical discourse has the following general characteristics:
- Universality
- Verifiability
- Objectivity
- Clarity
- Rigor
Scientific-technical texts
Read MoreKey Communication Terms Defined
Values – Beliefs that are long-lasting; they dictate attitudes towards people.
Beliefs – A conviction.
Attitude – Causes us to act in a positive and negative way.
Interpersonal Communication – Communication involving at least two people.
Intrapersonal Communication – Communication within oneself.
Small Group Communication – Communication involving at least three people.
Public Communication – Transmission of a message from a single person to numerous people.
Mass Communication – A single sender sends a
Read MoreFuture Tenses and Conditionals Review
English Language Practice
Future Forms Exercises
Exercise 1
- Are you coming
- I’ll
- are going to visit
- will be
- is taking
- I’ll phone
Exercise 2
- is going to run
- will come
- ’ll lie
- is going to visit
- are driving
Exercise 3
Humans won’t travel outside the solar system for hundreds of years.
What time is Peter coming?
I’ll have a burger and chips, please.
Maria is going to buy a new moped next week.
I hope my boyfriend will remember my birthday.
Exercise 4
- ’ll have finished
- ’ll be playing
- ’ll be standing
- will have
Class Formation and Labor Movements in 19th Century Spain
Emergence of Class Society in 19th Century Spain
Economic Principles of Capitalism
The division of society shifted towards classes based on ownership and economic roles: owners, middle classes, and workers. New economic relationships emerged:
- Mutual Agreement: Formalized through contracts.
- Wealth Distribution: Through wages, profits, and rent.
- Income Sources: Rent from land (landowners), return on investment (capitalists), and wages from labor (salaried workers).
The New Ruling Class Structure
- Nobility: