Geospatial Technologies: Core Concepts and Applications
Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Classification in Land Cover Mapping
Computer-assisted classification (CAC) has proven to be an effective and widely used method in land cover mapping, offering significant advantages in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and scalability. By utilizing remote sensing data, such as satellite imagery and aerial photographs, CAC automates the classification of land cover types—forests, water bodies, urban areas, agricultural fields, etc.—based on spectral signatures
Read MoreAtomic Models, Quantum Theory, and the Periodic Table
Thomson Model of the Atom
In the Thomson model, electrons (e-) are embedded in a sphere of uniform positive charge, like plums in a pudding. There is no distinct nucleus.
Rutherford’s Nuclear Model
The Rutherford model proposes a nucleus that is very small in comparison with the volume of the atom. This nucleus contains almost the entire mass of the atom and all of its positive charge. Electrons form a “crust” (electron cloud) spinning around the nucleus and are relatively far from it.
The Neutron:
Read MoreDigital Skills, Social Impact, and Hospitality Innovation Insights
Programming Fundamentals with Lluís Molas
This session, led by Lluís Molas, introduced the fundamental concepts of programming and its growing relevance in today’s digital world. The talk aimed to demystify how programming works, differentiate between various programming languages, and emphasize the critical importance of developing computational thinking skills. The session seamlessly blended historical context with core coding fundamentals, including loops, conditionals, and events. Practical,
Read MoreSpain’s Primary Sector, Industry & Regional Finance
The Primary Sector in Spain
The primary sector in Spain exhibits consistent characteristics since the late last century:
- Decreased rainfed cultivated area, while irrigated land increased.
- Increased forest area due to reduced importance of pastures.
- Growth of unexploited agricultural land and loss of agricultural land due to urban expansion and infrastructure development.
- Growing economic importance of livestock in final agricultural production, with a decline in fisheries and forestry.
- Progressive integration
Corporate Equity Accounting: Stock, Repurchases, Options, & Dividends
Equity Financing: Paid-in Capital
Common Stock Fundamentals
When a corporation is formed, a single class of stock, known as common stock, is usually issued.
Common Stock Rights
- Voting rights
- Share in profits when dividends are declared
- Share in the distribution of assets if the company is liquidated
Preferred Stock Fundamentals
Corporations may later find that there are advantages to issuing one or more additional classes of stock with varying rights and priorities. Stock with certain preferences (rights)
Read MoreThe Evolution of Hospitals and Major Historical Diseases
The Evolution of Hospitals Through History
Early Hospitals: Roman Empire
The first records of hospitals, known as infirmaries (or valetudinaria), developed at the end of the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire (1st and 2nd centuries AD). They were primarily institutions for slaves and military personnel, as nobles received care in their homes.
Byzantine Medieval Hospitals
Hospitals emerged in the Byzantine Empire in the second half of the 4th century AD, closely related to monastic orders. They were
Read MoreMaster English Irregular Verbs: Conjugation List
This comprehensive list provides the base form, past simple, past participle, and Spanish translation for common English irregular verbs. It is perfect for students and learners looking to improve their English grammar and vocabulary.
| Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle | Spanish Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
was, were | been | ser, estar | |
beat | beaten | batir, golpear | |
became | become | hacerse, ponerse | |
began | begun | comenzar | |
bit | bitten | morder, picar | |
broke | broken | romper | |
brought | brought | traer, llevar | |
built | built | construir | |
bought | bought | comprar | |
could | poder | ||
caught | caught | coger, |
Science Fundamentals: Method, Measurement, Weather
Scientific Method Basics
Q, R, H, E, D, C, P
Aristotle gave us the hypothesis step (if you think hard enough, you can figure out the answer).
Galileo gave us the experiment step 2,000 years later.
For a controlled experiment, only one variable can change. If more than one changes, then the results are invalid.
Scientific Measuring Tools
Know the scientific measuring tools and what they measure:
- Metric ruler: measures length in centimeters
- Thermometer: measures the temperature of objects
- Triple Beam Balance:
Machine Learning Fundamentals: Data Analysis & Clustering Techniques
Core Machine Learning Concepts
Linear Regression
Linear Regression: Finds the best line that summarizes the relationship between two variables. Imagine a scatter plot of data points and a line representing their trend.
Dimensionality Reduction
Dimensionality Reduction: Addresses datasets with a large number of variables, which can lead to a complex dispersion matrix. It reduces the number of variables to a more manageable few.
Why Dimensionality Reduction?
- Simpler Analysis: Fewer features make it easier
Census Declaration & Business Taxes: IAE, Income Tax
Census Declaration & Tax Obligations
The census declaration serves several functions. For instance, it allows legal entities to apply for a Tax Identification Number (TIN). It also informs the tax office about all economic activities, impacting taxes such as the Economic Activity Tax (IAE), Income Tax, Individual Income Tax, and Value Added Tax (VAT).
Personal Income Tax & Census Declaration
Estimating Business Activity Yields
Yields can typically be determined objectively by applying specific
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