Spanish Conquest & Colonization: Impact on Spain
Conquest and Colonization (1519-1550)
The process began with Magellan and Elcano’s first circumnavigation of the world (1519-1522), passing Cape Horn. The first stage of the conquest was led by Hernán Cortés. He landed in Mexico, founded Veracruz, and militarily dominated the Aztecs (1522) and a large area inhabited by the Mayans. This became the viceroyalty of New Spain. The second stage was directed by Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Inca Empire (Peru, Ecuador) and its capital, Cuzco, in
Read MoreVocabulary: Values, Relationships, and Inventions
Unit 4: Vocabulary
Values
Beautiful / beautifully / (in)dignity / discrimination / (un)equal / honest, honestly, honesty / humane, humanely, humanity / kind, kindly, kindness / loyal / prejudice / racism / (dis)respect, respectfully / trust
Idiomatic Expressions
- Be fond of: To like very much
- Be history: To be finished or over
- Be sick of: To be tired of
- Down in the dumps: To be sad or depressed
- Eyes meet: To look at each other at the same time
- Have something in common: To share interests or characteristics
- In
Philosophy: From Everyday Language to Metaphysics
Everyday Language: Philosophy as Ideology
Everyday language: Philosophy is synonymous with ideology. A systematized set of ideas that give a vision or interpretation of reality.
Etymologically: Philo (friend) sophia (wisdom). The philosopher is in an approach between ignorance and wisdom, but not wise. A sage has reached a full solution of knowledge, and philosophers do not have any issue. They ascertain that it is what they wanted to have. True ignorance is proper to animals, and, in effect, wisdom,
Read MoreKey Concepts in Geography and Climatology
Key Geographical and Climatological Terms
Climate and Weather
Rainfall Regime: Change in rainfall characteristics in terms of frequency, duration, and dominant eras. These define a climate or region.
Isohyets: Lines on weather maps connecting points on the Earth’s surface that have the same level of rainfall in a unit of time.
Isotherms: Curved lines on a weather map linking areas with the same temperature.
Anticyclone: A high-pressure area surrounded by lower pressure; winds circulate clockwise.
Aridity:
Read MoreAnimal Breathing: Types and Respiratory Processes
Usually, the inclusion of oxygen into an animal’s body is called breathing, but breathing encompasses three processes:
- Ventilation: Oxygen is taken from the environment and brought to the respiratory organ, and carbon dioxide is expelled.
- Gas Exchange: This occurs between respiratory organs and blood. The exchange takes place by diffusion, a process by which molecules pass from a more concentrated region to a less concentrated one without expenditure of energy. These regions are separated by a semipermeable
Ancient Greek Theater: Tragedy, Comedy, and Key Playwrights
Ancient Greek Theater: An Overview
Ancient Greek theater comprised three main genres: tragedy, comedy, and satyr drama. These plays explored profound themes such as destiny, liberty, love, and death.
Tragedy
Tragedies delved into the significant problems of human existence, often focusing on the struggles of heroes and the consequences of their choices.
Comedy
Comedies, on the other hand, concerned themselves with everyday life and often presented problematic situations in a lighthearted manner. The
Read MoreKey Programming Concepts and C Language Essentials
Shorthand Assignment Operators
Shorthand assignment operators combine an arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment. Common examples include:
+=: Adds and assigns (x += 5is equivalent tox = x + 5).-=: Subtracts and assigns (x -= 5is equivalent tox = x - 5).*=: Multiplies and assigns (x *= 5is equivalent tox = x * 5)./=: Divides and assigns (x /= 5is equivalent tox = x / 5).
Call by Value vs. Call by Reference
Call by Value:
- A copy of the actual argument is passed to the function.
- Changes
Cervantes’ Masterpieces: Narrative Works Beyond Don Quixote
Narrative Works of Cervantes
La Galatea
La Galatea is a pastoral novel whose theme is love, presented through various cases. The basic argument is simple and is located in a limited space and a very short time: the love of the shepherds Elicio and Erastus for Galatea, on the banks of the River Tagus, for ten days. Several elements are added to this narrative scheme:
- Interpolated Stories: Cases of love experienced by other shepherds are included in the main plot. There are four interspersed narratives:
Key Concepts in Philosophy
Key Philosophical Terms and Concepts
Matching Terms
- 1. Tabula Rasa – C. Blank Slate
- 2. Solipsism – E. The philosophical idea that “my mind is the only thing that I know exists”
- 3. Epistemology – F. The study/science of knowing
- 4. Monist – H. Believe “being is singular, eternal, and visible, and that things don’t come into and out of being”.
- 5. Cogito ergo sum – I. I think, therefore, I am
- 6. Metaphysics – A. The study of the physical world and ultimate reality
- 7. Deduction – D. Orderly logical
Spanish Poetry: Post-Civil War Trends and Generations
Poetry is a literary genre that offers great variety. It links with the trends produced in previous years and offsets the negative impact of the exile of many of the big names (Juan Ramón Salinas, Cernuda, Alberti), with the teaching of other poets from ’27 (G. Diego, D. Alonso, Aleixandre).
In the years before 1936, poets agreed to turn their eyes to the feeling of intimacy and commitment, abandoning avant-garde forms and pure poetry. The lyric poets of the post-war period looked to serene and
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