Literary Techniques and Theories: A Concise Reference
Literary Techniques and Theories
Stream of Consciousness
The stream of consciousness technique is when text shifts from exterior aspects of the plot almost exclusively to the inner world of a character.
Focalization
Focalization refers to the perspective through which a narrative is presented.
Types of Narration
- First Person: In this point of view, a character (typically the protagonist, but not always) is telling the story. You’ll notice a lot of “I” and “me” or “we” in first-person narrations.
- Second
Effective Teaching and Learning Strategies
The Learning System
As a system, the outcome depends on how the parts interact and how well each part acts separately.
Understanding Learning
Learning is an enduring change in behavior or the capacity to behave in a given fashion, resulting from practice or experience.
Common False Assumptions
- Students will automatically practice what they learn in life.
- Students will remember and use information from one class in another.
- Students will transfer principles learned in a classroom to other situations.
The
Read MoreMastering English Grammar: Used To, Pronouns, Gerunds, Conditionals
Mastering Key English Grammar Concepts
Used To: Past Habits and States
The structure ‘used to + verb’ expresses a state, a habit, or an action that was repeated in the past, long ago.
Example: I used to live in Madrid. Now I live in New York.
Relative Pronouns: Connecting Ideas
Uses: Relative pronouns indicate the person, object, or place the idea refers to. They provide essential information without which the sentence would be incomplete.
Examples:
- The girl who won the competition was very happy.
- There’
Key Events: French Revolution to Spanish Restoration
Key Historical Events: French Revolution to Spanish Restoration
Inventors included mechanical planter Mac Cornick, Jethro Tull (inventor of the seed drill), and some years later, the threshing machine. James Watt invented the steam engine, Robert Stephenson the locomotive in 1769, and Robert Fulton the steamboat. Abraham Darby was the first to cast iron with coke, and Henry Cort discovered and developed the processes of puddling and rolling iron.
The Phases of the French Revolution
- The Constituent
Spanish Novel Before 1939: Authors, Themes, and Techniques
The Spanish Novela Before 1939: Introduction: During the first years of the century, authors like Galdós and Blasco Ibáñez successfully published novels. These narrators, in addition to seeking a new aesthetic narrative, used the novel to criticize. They gave more importance to the story in the novel as history; the novel is centered on the protagonist’s inner world, using dialogue and monologue. Unamuno’s use of an intellectual and aesthetic approach contrasts with Baroja’s aesthetics of dynamic
Read MoreDemocracy, Fascism, and the Road to World War II
The Triumph of Democracies After World War I
The Allied victory in World War I was seen as a triumph for parliamentary democracy. The authoritarian empires that collapsed were replaced by republics adopting Western democratic principles.
The Decline of Democracy in the 1920s
However, by 1922, democracy suffered a sharp slowdown in Central and Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean region. Fascism rose in Italy, and crises occurred in Turkey, Poland, Bulgaria, Spain, and Portugal.
The Rise of Authoritarian
Read MoreEl Cid, Mester de Clerecía, and Celestina: Key Spanish Literature
El Cid: A Hero’s Journey
Cid: This epic poem focuses on the final years of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid Campeador. The primary source is a fourteenth-century manuscript missing its initial sheet and two interior pages. Another copy from 1207 identifies Per Abbat as the author. The poem portrays the Cid as a model of moderation, prudence, and balance.
The Story of Honor and Shame
The narrative revolves around two central themes: honor and dishonor. Falsely accused, El Cid is banished from Alfonso VI’
Read MoreFlight to Terror: A Pilot’s Drug Trafficking Ordeal
Characters
- Tony: A young commercial pilot living in Miami, Florida.
- José González: The leader of a drug cartel.
- Luis: Works for José.
- Roberto: Works for José.
- Fernando: Roberto’s brother, who also works for José.
- Carmen: The sister of José’s girlfriend, Rosa.
- Manuel: Works for José in Peru.
Story Setting and Summary
The story is set in three different countries: The United States, Colombia and Peru. The main character, Tony, is in constant danger as he gets involved with drug traffickers in Colombia,
Read MoreAccounting Principles and Financial Statements: Key Concepts
Accounting Concepts and Principles
The accounting concept that maintains each organization is separate from all other organizations and individuals (including the owner) is known as the economic entity assumption.
Bonds and Liabilities
A bond with a face value of 100,000 and a quoted price of 99 ¼ has a selling price of 99,250.
If total assets are 225,000 and stockholder’s equity is 150,000, total liabilities would be 75,000.
Final Company issued a 20-year mortgage payable on January 1. Final is required
Read MoreFernando VII: Absolutism, Liberalism, and the Spanish Crisis
The Era of Fernando VII: Absolutism vs. Liberalism
The return of Fernando VII marked a period of significant upheaval, characterized by a struggle between absolutism and liberalism. His reign saw the cancellation of many liberal reforms.
The First Restoration (1814-1820)
In 1814, Fernando VII returned to Spain, greeted with enthusiasm by the populace. He received the ‘Manifesto of the Persians,’ a document from army officers, the Church, and conservative politicians urging him to overturn the Constitution
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