Nicaragua: US Intervention, Sandino & Somoza Era
Nicaragua
Liberalism, US Intervention, and Sandino 1894-1934
Nicaragua’s twentieth-century history was shaped by foreign economic dependency and gross inequality in the distribution of land. It also suffered from recurrent U.S. military intervention. Jose Santos Zelaya (dictator) opened his nation to foreign investment and trade, successfully asserted Nicaragua’s claim to sovereignty over the Atlantic Mosquita coast in 1894, and long championed a Central American federation. These signs of independence
Read MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas: Revelation and Reason
Text of St. Thomas: Historical Context
The life of St. Thomas Aquinas elapses in the thirteenth century and represents a synthesis of the spirit of his time. The Middle Ages, which had spent long centuries assimilating the diverse cultures that had broken into the Roman Empire during the barbarian invasions, is coming to an end. There is, in this period, a flowering of the great cities like Paris and Rome, which had suffered a sharp decline in previous centuries. This makes possible the creation
Read MoreUnification of Italy and Germany & 19th-Century Spain
Italian and German Unification (Mid-19th Century)
Until the mid-19th century, modern-day Italy and Germany were divided into numerous independent states. However, nationalist movements emerged in both regions during the first half of the 19th century. As a result of their efforts, these states were unified to form two new nation-states.
Italian Unification
The unification process, known as the Risorgimento, was initiated by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in 1859. After gaining support from France,
Read MoreInternational Human Talent and Global Mobility
International Human Talent
International Human Talent: Taxation can play a significant role in an individual’s decision to live in a country or relocate. Portugal has implemented several programs to attract foreign residents. The most well-known is the Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) tax regime, but there’s also the “Regressar” program for returning Portuguese citizens, double taxation agreements, and special statuses for diplomatic missions and international organizations. Taxation and Social Security
Read MoreElectricity, Atoms, Communication, and Ecology
Electricity and Atoms
Kilowatt-hour (kWh): Energy supplied to a circuit consuming 1 kilowatt of power for 1 hour.
Batteries: All batteries have a specific place, weight, and occupy space.
Molecule: The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical properties of that substance.
Simple Body or Element: Those whose molecules are made up of atoms of the same class (e.g., copper, nickel).
Compound Bodies: Formed by atoms that combine in different proportions (e.g., water, common salt).
Components
Read MoreFinancial Markets: Types and Functions
Financial Markets
Any marketplace where the trading of securities occurs. They are made by buying and selling numerous types of financial instruments including equities, bonds, currencies, and derivatives.
What happens when financial markets fail? Economic disruption, recession, and unemployment.
Objective: To channel the savings of families and companies to investment and create security products that provide a return for those who have access to funds and make funds available for those who need
Read MoreNervous Impulse Transmission: Synapse and Invertebrates
Nervous Impulse Transmission
From Neuron to Neuron: Synapse
Neurons are independent; they are not in physical contact with each other (synaptic cleft). The synapse is the process of functional communication between two neurons.
- Presynaptic Area: This is the axon of the neuron from which the information arrives.
- Postsynaptic Area: This is the specialized part of another neuron to which the information is directed.
- Synaptic Cleft: This is the space separating the two areas.
The transmission of nerve impulses
Read MoreThe Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814)
The Crisis of 1808: War of Independence and Political Revolution
During the reign of Charles IV (1788-1808), Spanish foreign policy with regard to France ranged from outright rejection to alliance. During the French Revolution, the hostility served to isolate and protect Spain from revolutionary influence. Spain even guillotined the French king to declare war on France, resulting in the occupation of part of Catalonia and the Basque Country. Peace came in 1795 (Santo Domingo ceded to France). Then
Read MoreSuspension of Sentences: Alternatives in Chile
Suspension of Sentences and Alternative Benefits
Article 1. The execution of sentences or restriction of liberty may be suspended by the court ordering them, to grant any of the following alternative benefits:
- a) Remission of sentence;
- b) Night confinement; and
- c) Probation.
The provision in the preceding paragraph does not proceed in the case of crimes specified in Articles 362 and 372 bis of the Penal Code, provided that in the latter case the victim is under 12 years of age.
Conditional Remission of
Read MorePantomime and Body Expression in Education
The Art of Pantomime
Pantomime is a performance in which actors express actions, emotions, and characters through gestures, movements, and body attitudes, without using spoken words. It primarily consists of arm and hand movements. While mime focuses on purely emotional expression, pantomime conveys specific ideas. A complete performance often integrates three arts: singing (choir), music (orchestra), and mimicry (actor).
Advantages and Disadvantages of Pantomime
Advantages:
- Uses a universal language.