Language Varieties and Linguistic Diversity
Text Types and Discourse Genres
Text Types:
- Narrative: Account; Narrator: Omniscient, objective.
- Descriptive: Scientific or literary description.
- Expository: Divulgative or specialized.
- Argumentative: Argument, thesis, topic, exposition, conclusion; persuasive argument.
Discourse Genres:
- Humanistic texts
- Newspaper articles
- Technical-scientific texts
- Legal texts
- Literary texts
Matching
- Transmitter / receiver: Universal (book) / collective (newspaper)
- Channel
- Textual Polyphony
- Language Functions:
- Appellative
- Expressive
- Metalinguistic
- Poetic
- Phatic
- Representative
- Register:
Fascism in Italy and the Rise of Nazism in Germany
The Rise of Mussolini to Power
1 – Rise of Mussolini to power: Debt to finance the war led to higher prices. Demobilization of the army caused unemployment. The population began to support extremist parties—the Communist left and Mussolini’s Fasci Italiani di Combattimento on the right. They aimed to take power by force. Members concentrated in populations of central Italy and executed the March on Rome (October 27 to 28, 1922). Victor Emmanuel III offered Mussolini the government.
Characteristics
Read MoreThe Enlightenment and its Impact in the 18th Century
The 18th Century: A Period of Transition
The 18th century was a period of transition between the early modern age and the modern age in Europe. During this period, important changes took place that led to the collapse of the Ancien Régime and marked the end of the early modern age. One of the main developments in this century was an intellectual movement called the Enlightenment. This movement used reason, science, and education to combat ignorance and reform society.
- Absolute monarchs introduced
Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Socrates
Heraclitus
Heraclitus accepted the validity of the senses as a starting point but argued that true reality is only accessible to reason, specifically through knowledge of nature. He stated, “Nature is pleased to hide.” The senses show that everything in nature is in motion, constantly becoming; “everything is continuously flowing (panta rei)” like a river, everything is turned off and on like a continuous fire.
But only reason shows us why everything is constantly changing. Reason reveals that the
Read MoreEudemonism, Idealism, Marxism, and Existentialism
Eudemonism
A eudemon is a good spirit or demon. The human being is born with the aim of achieving what is good. Aristotle believes that this is so because it is a principle of the human being that is rational by definition. The essence of the human being is rationality, which seeks the good. Aristotle presupposes a teleology. This movement in nature has a purpose, so good is the final and best, the most beneficial, the most perfect, and the most positive.
Idealism
Kant assumes that it is reasonable
Read MoreKey AWS Services: Features and Benefits
Amazon Athena
AWS Trusted Advisor
- Trusted Advisor draws upon best practices learned from serving hundreds of thousands of AWS customers. It inspects your AWS environment and then makes recommendations when opportunities exist to save money, improve system availability and performance, or help close security gaps. You can use the Trusted Advisor Recommendations page of the Trusted Advisor console to review check results for your AWS account and then follow the recommended steps to fix any issues.
AWS
Read MoreSpain’s 18th-20th Century Industrial Revolution
The Textile Industry in 18th-Century Catalonia
Before the 18th century, textile production in Catalonia was insignificant. The rise of Indianes (printed cotton fabrics) spurred growth. A prohibition in 1860 on importing cotton yarn stimulated the proliferation of the modern textile industry. Around 1830, the mechanization process began by installing spinning machines used in Britain. In 1833, the first steam engine started operating. The mechanization of factories gained great momentum by 1860.
Between
Read MorePolymers: Types, Properties, and Applications
Polymers: Types, Properties, and Uses
A polymer is a macromolecule composed of long chains in repeated units known as monomers.
Classification of Polymers
According to their source:
- Natural: Found in nature, formed by living things (e.g., proteins and cellulose).
- Artificial: Obtained from natural polymers through chemical modification (e.g., celluloid).
- Synthetic: Result from human design and manufacture (e.g., polyvinyl chloride or PVC).
According to their physical properties:
- Elastomers: Possess high
Understanding Democracy: Requirements, Types, and Limitations
The Current State of Democratic Requirements
For a state to be considered democratic, it must meet certain requirements:
- A state law where no one is exempt from obeying the laws.
- Power is divided into a tripartite system:
- Legislative branch: Drafting and passing laws.
- Judicial branch: Monitoring compliance with the law.
- Executive branch: Running the government itself.
- Political elections are planned to allow for changes in the legislature and executive branches, often with limits on the time a person may
Postmodernist and Feminist Literature in Britain
Key Authors and Characteristics
John Fowles: Fowles is a clear example of a postmodernist novelist. His works had great commercial success in the UK and the USA. He experimented with themes and forms, playing with the past and present, such as in *The French Lieutenant’s Woman* (1969). In this work, Fowles attempts to capture the reader’s attention and make them an active participant. Fowles also uses his own memory to play with the experiences of his characters. Another of his most important works
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