Understanding Social Movements: Theories and Dynamics

A social movement is a collective, organized effort to promote or resist change in society. Herbert Blumer defines it as “a collective enterprise seeking to establish a new order of life,” arising from unrest and driven by hopes for a better system.

Major Theories of Social Movements

Understanding why and how these movements emerge and function is explained through various theories:

1. Deprivation Theory

This theory suggests that social movements arise when people feel deprived of something they

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Medieval Spanish Poetry: Romances and Learned Verse

The Romance: Medieval Poetry in the 14th Century

Medieval poetry continued into the 14th century with the emergence of the romance. These compositions, of variable extent, were written in eight-syllable lines with rhyming assonance in pairs. The earliest romances are known as the old romances.

The origin of this genre appears to be in the fragmentation of medieval epic poems, where each hemistich became a caesura in verse.

The oldest romances date back to the 15th century. While poetry was part of

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The Great Depression: Causes, Global Impact, and Responses

The Economic Crisis of 1929: The Great Depression

Causes of the Great Depression

  1. Economic Crisis in European Countries

    • The destruction caused by World War I.
    • Debts owed to the United States.
    • The U.S. banking system withdrew sums of money granted to European countries, especially Germany, to pay their debts.
    • European countries lost their ability to sell industrial products to those countries which had hitherto supplied them raw materials, as these countries industrialized during World War I.
  2. Crisis in Agriculture

    Mainly

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Leadership Principles and Effective Management Strategies

Leadership and Management Essentials

Core Leadership Concepts

  • Describe
  • Diagnose
  • Prescribe: What change
  • Act

Leadership Theories and Styles

  • Trait Theory vs. Behavioral Theory
  • Agile Leadership
  • Authentic Leadership
  • Transformational Leadership
  • Servant Leadership
  • Charismatic Leadership

Emotional Intelligence (EI) in Leadership

  • Self-awareness and Social Awareness
  • Self-management and Relationship Management

Addressing EI Deficiencies

When emotional intelligence is lacking, focus on:

  • Looking outward and listening more for
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English Vocabulary and Grammar Practice for Film Enthusiasts

Film Vocabulary

  • Boom (Auge)
  • Box-office hit (Taquilla)
  • Cast (Reparto)
  • Character (Personaje)
  • Figure (Número)
  • Filmgoer (Espectador)
  • Gender (Género)
  • Leading role (Papel principal)
  • Plot (Trama)
  • Script (Guion)
  • Set (Localización)
  • Stunt (Escena peligrosa)
  • Dub (Doblar)
  • Look on (Mirar)
  • Outnumber (Sobrepasar en cantidad)
  • Reflect (Reflejar)
  • Release (Lanzar)
  • Sell out (Agotar)
  • Stand out (Resaltar)
  • Awesome (Impresionante)
  • Fast-paced (Acelerado)
  • Outrageous (Intolerable)
  • Predictable (Predecible)
  • Wise (Sabio)

Useful Phrases

  • Appeal to (
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Essential Software Process Models and Methodologies

Software Development Processes

  • A structured set of activities required to develop a software system.
  • Many different software processes, but all involve:
    • Specification: Defining what the system should do;
    • Design and Implementation: Defining the system’s organization and implementing it;
    • Validation: Checking that it meets customer requirements;
    • Evolution: Adapting the system to changing customer needs.
  • A software process model is an abstract representation of a process, presenting a description from a particular
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Understanding Electric Charges and Material Conductivity

Understanding Electric Charges

Matter contains two types of electric charges of opposite signs: positive and negative. Usually, bodies are electrically neutral. However, through certain physical processes, they can gain or lose electric charges, thus becoming electrically charged. These processes include:

  • Charging by Friction
  • Charging by Induction
  • Charging by Contact

Charging by Friction

In everyday life, electrical phenomena often occur through friction. You can observe that bodies with like charges

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Ecological Economics: Valuing Life, Risks, and Environmental Impact

Ecological Economics: Assessing Environmental Value

The field of ecological economics grapples with a fundamental question: Can we truly assess a reasonable quality of life, environmental risks, or ecological consequences purely in economic terms? This complex challenge drives the search for comprehensive responses to pressing environmental problems.

Responses to Environmental Problems

The Nature of Intervention

Responses to environmental problems involve various forms of intervention:

  • Legal: Establishing
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Screenwriting Essentials: Crafting Compelling Stories & Characters

Week 1: Story Fundamentals

Designing Principle

The designing principle for a story is the story process + original execution. Good stories both hide and reveal information.

Story Movement

Basic patterns of story movement.

Premise & Logline

A story stated in one sentence, often called a logline, includes: character + plot + action event. It defines the main character, the protagonist’s goal, and the situation or obstacle.

Logline: More Than Just a Premise

A logline is a lot more than just the premise.

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Research Design & Business Research: Methods, Theory, and Proposals

Research Design Fundamentals

Meaning, Classification, and Elements of Research Design

Research design is the overall blueprint or roadmap that guides the entire research process. It defines the procedures necessary to collect, analyze, and interpret data in a way that answers research questions or tests hypotheses. In essence, it is the structure that provides coherence to the research process, ensuring that every element—from problem definition through data collection to final analysis—is aligned

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