Fundamentals of Labor Law: Rights, Sources, and EU Regulations

Key Characteristics of Labor Law Regulation

For an activity to be regulated by labor law, it typically exhibits the following characteristics:

  • Voluntary: Individual workers should be free to decide whether to enter and remain in the employment relationship.
  • Personal: The work is performed by the individual worker for another, yielding the fruits of labor and wages in exchange. This distinguishes it from self-employment, where the individual performs the work activity for themselves.
  • Dependence (Subordination)
Read More

Modular Software Design: Principles and Assembly Process

Design Methodology for Software Development

Modular Programming Principles

When developing a small program, any methodology can be sufficient. However, the problem arises as the program grows, increasing the number of statements and making it difficult to maintain readability and logically follow the implementation. Another factor to consider is that the person who reads code is not necessarily the same as the one who wrote it. Furthermore, different programmers may be involved in developing a single

Read More

Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals: Key Concepts & Devices

Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals

Venturi Meter: Flow Rate Measurement

A Venturi meter is a device used to measure the flow rate of an incompressible fluid in a pipe. It operates on the principle of Bernoulli’s equation, creating a pressure differential by gradually constricting the flow area (throat) and then gradually expanding it back. The pressure drop across the throat is directly related to the fluid’s velocity and, consequently, its flow rate. Its smooth contours minimize energy losses.

Orifice Meter:

Read More

Genetic Alterations: A Comprehensive Look at DNA Changes

Gene Mutations: Types and Impacts

Gene mutations alter the nucleotide sequence of a single gene.

Base Substitutions

Base substitutions account for approximately 20% of all mutations. They involve the replacement of one DNA base with another, affecting only a single nucleotide.

Due to the degenerate nature of the genetic code, a mutated triplet may still encode the same amino acid; this is known as a silent mutation. If the new triplet codes for a different amino acid, it can have serious consequences,

Read More

Ortega y Gasset’s Philosophical Concepts Explained

Ortega y Gasset’s Philosophical Concepts

Reality is not a set of things that happen to us. It does not conform to preset patterns but uses “occasional” categories, whose meaning depends on the circumstances.

Ortega’s Concept of Reality

Ortega y Gasset identified two concepts of reality: what is real for us and actual reality. The reality that is “real to us” is what we encounter and must live with, whether we like it or not. The “true and primary reality” is an uncertain portfolio of facilities and

Read More

Essential Business Finance and Loan Insights

Sources of Business Finance Beyond Traditional Lenders

Sources of finance for businesses include:

  • Equity: Funds raised by selling ownership shares.
  • Debt: Borrowed money that must be repaid, often with interest.
  • Debentures: Long-term debt instruments issued by companies.
  • Retained Earnings: Profits kept by the business for reinvestment rather than distributed to shareholders.
  • Term Loans: Loans repaid over a set period with fixed or variable interest rates.
  • Working Capital Loans: Short-term loans to cover
Read More

Web Browsers and Internet Resources: Core Concepts

Web Browsers, Internet Resources & Referencing Essentials


Web Browsers: Characteristics and Functions

A web browser is a software application used to access and view content on the World Wide Web. It retrieves web pages from a server and renders them for the user.

Key Functions of a Web Browser

  • Viewing: Displaying webpages (HTML, images, videos).

  • Navigating: Clicking links, using back/forward buttons.

  • Downloading: Saving files and media from the internet.

  • Printing: Outputting web content to a printer

Read More

20th Century Spanish Theater: Realism, Avant-Garde, and Innovation

Early 20th Century Theater: Realism and Renewal

At the beginning of the 20th century, the predominant trend in drama was **realistic and naturalistic theater**. This was the most commercial form of theater, aiming to reflect the social reality of the moment. The characteristics of this stage included:

  • Sets that created the illusion of reality for the viewer.
  • Actors embodying characters as if they were real individuals.
  • The audience forgetting they were in a theater.

During the first decades of this century,

Read More

Understanding Nuclear Waste: Treatment and Safe Disposal

Understanding Radioactive Waste

What is Radioactive Waste?

Radioactive Waste (RW) refers to material containing or contaminated with radioactive nuclei in concentrations higher than those set by authorities, for which there is no provision for later use. It is characterized by its severity and duration.

Types of Radioactive Waste

Waste is categorized based on its half-life (the time required for the number of radioactive atoms to be reduced by half) and specific activity (number of decays per unit time)

Read More

Understanding Social Movements: Theories and Dynamics

A social movement is a collective, organized effort to promote or resist change in society. Herbert Blumer defines it as “a collective enterprise seeking to establish a new order of life,” arising from unrest and driven by hopes for a better system.

Major Theories of Social Movements

Understanding why and how these movements emerge and function is explained through various theories:

1. Deprivation Theory

This theory suggests that social movements arise when people feel deprived of something they

Read More