Understanding Organizational Models & Structure
Organizational Development Theories
This section examines key approaches to organizing work and structuring companies, focusing on the Taylor system and the Japanese model associated with Ouchi.
Taylor’s Scientific Management
The Taylor-style system features the organization of work based on the division of labor, control of time for each task, and work structured around the assembly line (division of labor, time control, line work).
This company structure is characterized by the following:
- Workers typically
Political Power, State Structures, Regimes, and Elections
Elements of Political Power
Political power is composed of three elements: strength, influence, and authority.
Strength (Coercion)
We speak about strength or coercion when there is a capacity to deny or limit access to specific goods or opportunities to others. This is what happens when political institutions arrest, evict, imprison, or sanction somebody, or threaten to do so.
Influence
Influence refers to those cases in which political power resides in its capacity to convince people about the patterns
Read MorePhonetics: Vowels, Consonants, and Sound Articulation
Phonetics and Phonology Fundamentals
Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies the characteristics of human sound making, especially those sounds made in natural speech. It provides methods for the description, classification, production, combination, and representation by written symbols. Phonetics also studies aspects like stress, rhythm, and intonation.
Phone: A Distinct Speech Segment
A phone is a speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual
Read MoreLatin Epic Poetry: Defining Features, History, and Key Works
Characteristics of Latin Epic Poetry
- Origin: Defined as literate epic from its beginnings; a written product where an author consciously chooses the theme and stylistic devices.
- Form: Latin epic is written in verse, specifically the dactylic hexameter, which is considered the quintessential heroic verse.
- Topic: Starting from Greek models, Latin authors elevated remarkable and unrepeatable historical events from their past, such as the Punic Wars, to epic status.
- Heroic Figures: The protagonists of the
Economic Philosophies of the Industrial Revolution
Key Economic Concepts and Thinkers
- Laissez-faire
- Refers to the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference.
- Adam Smith
- A professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, who defended the idea of a free economy, or free market.
- Capitalism
- An economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit.
- Utilitarianism
- The theory proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, stating that government actions are useful
Company Directors: Appointment, Powers, Duties & Qualifications
Introduction
Definition of a Director
Romanticism: History, Origins, Characteristics
Historical Context of Romanticism
To understand the cultural movement of which we speak, we must examine its history and its far-reaching consequences, particularly its opposition to the characteristic principles of the Enlightenment. The war against the invading French troops led by Napoleon involved social, economic, and political changes of varying magnitude. As for the bourgeois classes, they seized the moment of weakness of the old regime to convene in Cadiz, leading to the promulgation of a
Read MoreKey Terms of the Franco Dictatorship in Spain
Key Definitions from Francoist Spain
- Generalísimo of the Armies
- Title received by Francisco Franco during his dictatorship, signifying his role as the supreme commander of the armed forces.
- Caudillo
- Title adopted by Franco during his dictatorship, meaning ‘leader’ or ‘chieftain’, signifying his supreme political authority, akin to a head of state.
- Dictatorship
- Political system under Franco where all power was concentrated in his hands, establishing a dictatorial regime.
- FET y de las JONS
- Falange Española
Database Fundamentals and Access Basics
Database Components
What Are Databases Made Of?
- Fields and records
What Is a Table?
Tables are the most basic object of a database; they store data in categories.
What Is a Field?
The basic unit of a database. The names of fields cannot start with a space or special characters. They cannot include periods, exclamation marks, or brackets. However, they may contain spaces in the middle. The field description allows you to clarify the information contained in the field name. The field type allows you to
Read MoreMonopolist Profit Maximization and Equilibrium
Total Revenue vs Total Cost Approach
A monopolist earns maximum profits when the gap between Total Revenue (TR) and Total Cost (TC) is maximum. The TR curve starts from the origin as there is no revenue if output is zero, and TR is inverse ‘U’ shaped because of the inverse relation between price and quantity. TC is inverse ‘S’ shaped because of the Law of Variable Proportions. Total profits are derived by subtracting TC from TR. Initially, with TC being greater than TR, the firm incurs losses. Points
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