Understanding Social Interaction and Qualitative Research
Social interaction is not haphazard but structured, occurring in context and making sense of meanings. It refers to daily routines, events, and objects perceived as relevant and meaningful. Interaction is built through the interaction of the protagonists.
Structuralism
Structuralist approaches incorporate cultural frameworks of social achievements and subjective reality. Cultural systems of meanings are part of perception, subjective reality construction, and social development. They distinguish between
Read MoreICAO vs EASA: Key Differences in Aviation Regulations
ICAO vs. EASA: A Comparison of Aviation Regulations
Here’s a comparison of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency):
- Legal Basis: The legal basis for the establishment of ICAO is the Chicago Convention of 1944. EASA was established under Basic Regulation (1592/2002, now 2018/1139) by the European Parliament and the Council of the EU.
- Regulations: ICAO Annexes form the basis for national aviation legislation in ICAO member states. EU Implementing
Understanding Power, Authority, and the Modern State
Power, Authority, and the State
Power: The ability to influence others to do something they would not otherwise do.
Coercion: Influencing others’ actions through the use of violence or by imposing losses.
Authority: Conditioning the behavior of others through the use of means that are perceived as legitimate (including violence).
Authority may derive from the actor’s position (e.g., the US). Authority may derive from expertise (e.g., WHO). Different sorts of authority include religious, traditional,
Read MoreUnderstanding Social Stratification: Hierarchy, Inequality, and Conflict
Understanding Social Stratification
Inter-action: Social stratification is organized into levels and is related to inequality. (Greece-Rome slavery existed). (Medieval age serfs existed). (The enlightened eighteenth century spoke of inequality). (S. XIX class called social).
Inequality and Hierarchy
Inequality: The inequality that matters is the hierarchy and is based on relations of superiority and inferiority, and are based on complementarity: it needs supplementing and diversity. Individuals are
Read MoreSpain’s Transition to Democracy: 1977-1982 & Constitution
Spain’s Transition to Democracy: Reform and Resistance (1977-1982)
The 1978 Constitution and Spanish Autonomy
The period known as the “political transition” refers to the process of dismantling the Franco dictatorship, culminating in the establishment of a democratic regime as expressed in the 1978 Constitution. The starting point was the inauguration of Juan Carlos I after Franco’s death in November 1975.
One faction within the Franco regime, favoring openness, believed reform was necessary to meet
Read MoreEuropean Crisis: Causes, Austerity Measures, and Economic Impact
The European Economic Crisis
Like other regions, Europe suffered during the latest global crisis. However, its prior situation led to a stronger impact and slower recovery. While it all started in the US with the subprime crisis, it quickly spread across Europe, evidencing some of the underlying malfunctions that were overlooked at that time. The bad investments made by American investment banks were sold to banks in Europe that were unable to cope with them. This led to a credit dry-up, since banks
Read MoreDigital Business Transformation: Strategies and Opportunities
Digital Business Transformation
Digital business transformation: Significant changes to organizational processes, structure, and systems implemented to improve organizational performance through increasing the use of digital media and technology platforms. Two key opportunities of digital transformation open to most businesses:
1. Inbound Marketing
The consumer proactively seeks information for their needs, and interactions with brands are attracted through content, search, and social media marketing.
Read MoreBalance of Payments: International Transactions & Exchange Rates
Understanding the Balance of Payments
The Balance of Payments (BoP) statistics are used to measure a country’s trade in goods, services, and financial assets with other countries. It records all international economic transactions:
- Revenue transactions involve currency inflows into the country.
- Payment transactions involve currency outflows from the country.
- The balance is the difference between revenues and payments.
The BoP is structurally supported by two main accounts:
1. Current Account Balance
This
Read MoreBolsheviks, Fascism, and Nazi Racial Policy: A Concise Analysis
The Conquest of Power by the Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks became the most popular alternative to the interim government. The Petrograd Soviet, Moscow, and other cities in the north, central, and southeast also supported the Bolsheviks.
Living conditions worsened remarkably under the Russian Emperor. The factory committees took control of many companies. The peasants demanded the surrender of land. The soldiers demanded the democratization of command and the end of the war.
Lenin took advantage of the
Read MoreIrregular English Verbs: A Quick Reference
Irregular English Verbs
Here’s a list of common irregular verbs in English, showing their infinitive, past simple, and past participle forms:
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| be | was, were | been |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| break | broke | broken |
| build | built | built |
| burst | burst | burst |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| do | did | done |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feel | felt | felt |
| find | found | found |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fly | flew | flown |
| get | got | got |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone, been |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| know | knew | known |
| learn | learnt, |