Essential Financial Formulas and Valuation Concepts
Cost of Capital & Equity Valuation
Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
- WACC = Wd(YTM(1-Tax)) + (We * re) + (Wpfd * rpfd)
Cost of Equity
- Cost of Equity (Dividend Growth Model) = Div1 / P0 + g
- CAPM Expected Return (re) = Risk-Free Rate + [Beta * (Market Return – Risk-Free Rate)]
- Stock Excess Return = Market Excess Return x Beta
- Investment Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + [Beta * (Market Return – Risk-Free Rate)]
- Market Value of Equity = Number of Shares x Share Price (also known as Market Capitalization)
Mastering Network Routing Protocols and Concepts
Understanding Core Network Routing Concepts
Key Routing Terminology
- Router: A computing device comprising hardware and software, including a CPU, RAM, ROM, and an operating system. Its primary function is to connect multiple networks and forward data packets between them.
- Routing Table: A data file stored in RAM that contains route information for both directly connected and remote networks.
- Remote Network: A network that can only be reached by forwarding data packets through another router.
- Static Routes:
Victorian England: Economic Power and Political Reforms
ENGLAND: Economic and Territorial Power. The reign of Victoria I (1837-1901), known as the Victorian era, saw the UK reach its greatest territorial expansion and consolidate its industrial development. It maintained traditional institutions and a parliamentary monarchy, advancing towards a democratic system. The country was not significantly affected by liberal revolutions; political developments occurred within a framework of institutional stability. The economic expansion was impacted by a prolonged
Read MorePublic Health Fundamentals and Epidemiology Concepts
What is Public Health?
Public health is defined as “what we do as a society to collectively assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.”
Ten Public Health Achievements
- Immunizations
- Motor vehicle safety
- Workplace safety
- Control of infectious diseases
- Declines in deaths from heart disease and stroke
- Safer and healthier foods
- Healthier mothers and babies
- Family Planning
- Fluoridation of drinking water
- Reduction in tobacco use
Emerging Public Health Threats
- Climate change and environmental hazards
- Emerging
Galileo Galilei: Architect of Modern Scientific Thought
Galileo Galilei: A Pioneer of Modern Science
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is considered one who took the final step towards modern science. Born in Pisa, he studied at the University of that city, where he became a teacher of mathematics. In 1592, he became a professor of the same subject in Padua, already famous for his scientific discoveries. In 1597, he wrote a letter to Kepler expressing support for Copernicus. In 1609, he developed his theory of uniformly accelerated motion and built a telescope.
Read MoreSoftware Project Management Essentials: Agile & Planning
What is Software Project Management (SPM)?
Software Project Management (SPM) is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing software projects, focusing on scope, time, cost, and quality.
Software Project Planning Steps
- Define scope and objectives
- Identify tasks (Work Breakdown Structure – WBS)
- Estimate resources and time
- Schedule tasks
- Assign responsibilities
- Plan risk management
- Monitor and control progress
- Finalize and review
Plan-Based Project Management: Pros and Cons
Pros:
- Predictable timelines
EEG and MEG Fundamentals: Brain Imaging Principles
EEG and MEG Hardware & Sensors
- EEG: Measures electrical potential (voltage) differences on the scalp, originating from secondary/volume currents in the extracellular space. Uses electrodes (e.g., Ag/AgCl) that convert ionic flow to electrical current. Requires a reference electrode. Signal significantly smeared/distorted by low conductivity skull. Sensitive to both radial and tangential sources. Standardized placement (e.g., 10-20 system) ensures replicability.
- MEG: Measures magnetic fields outside
Essential Financial Metrics and Asset Management Concepts
Positive Working Capital (Fons de Maniobra)
Positive working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. It can also be defined as the portion of current assets funded by permanent capital. Positive working capital implies that current assets are financed with long-term resources, providing financial stability and greater liquidity for current assets relative to current liabilities. The overall liquidity depends on the level of current assets (without significant loss
Read MoreRoman Impact on Britain and the English Language
English is not the native language of England. It was introduced by Germanic tribes who invaded Britain in successive waves. Around the mid-fifth century, the Saxons, Angles, and Jutes drove back the Britons, who were Celts. Celtic is the only substratum that Germanic peoples could find apart from Latin.
During the Old English period (c. 450-1150), the language came into contact with three other languages: those of the Celts, the Romans, and the Scandinavians. This section will focus on the significant
Firm Financing and Investment Behavior: Fazzari, Hubbard, Petersen
Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment (FHP, 1988)
Introduction
When capital structure is irrelevant, investment (INV) decisions are independent of a firm’s financial condition. However, if internal and external capital are not perfect substitutes, INV may become dependent on financial factors. This study connects conventional investment models with the literature on capital market imperfections and disparities in firms’ access to capital markets.
Key Predictions and Findings
- If the cost disadvantage