Nietzsche’s Critique of Traditional Philosophy
Part 1: The Idiosyncrasies of the Philosopher
Nietzsche begins by discussing the idiosyncrasies of the philosopher, whom he describes as”these new philosopher” who are appearing on the horizon and can be summed up in their hatred of life itself becoming, and therefore, in their hatred of life. He accuses them of a lack of historical sense and a rejection of evolution. He compares them to mummies, meaning by this that they did not think new things, they took only what had been said.
Part 2: Reason and the Senses
In this part, Nietzsche speaks of Nietzsche’s reason for falsifying causes what we perceive through the senses. He argues that philosophers are wrong to reject the testimony of the senses, saying that what they perceived as false, and that is why the world is only apparent, thus rejecting the second world were talking about Plato and Kant, the real world. He uses the example of smell to demonstrate the reliability of the senses, saying that what we perceive through the senses is real, and that the rest of science, metaphysics, theology, psychology, and theory of knowledge, are non-science, because in them the reality fails to appear even as a problem.
Part 3: The Confusion of the Former to the Latter
Nietzsche talks about the confusion of the former to the latter, ie, understanding that it is not lawful to come from the lower top. This is a set of”querere” desires and impulses that language handles them together on one thing, ie I make a unitary thing.
Part 4: The Problem of Error or Appearance
Nietzsche discusses the problem of error or the appearance of which says that no more than empower, reality, to what are nothing more than words. The reason lies in the language and how it distorts reality, the language introduces us to espejismos.
Part 5: The Concept of Being
Nietzsche introduces the concept of being, which derives from the concept of self, which in turn is in the will. This is a set of”querere” desires and impulses that language handles them together on one thing, ie I make a unitary thing.
Part 6: The Categories of Reason
Nietzsche goes on to criticize the conception of the categories of reason which had hitherto philosophers. And they believed had come from a world higher than the soul must have existed in another world before joining the body. Plato criticized for his thought both priority of the idea over the thing and its theory of knowledge, which asserts that the soul existed in a world prior and superior to the body (drop the soul in the body). A reproach his nativism Descartes and Kant’s postulates of practical reason, a priori elements of knowledge and action.
Part 7: The Four Traditional Ontological Theses
Finally, in the end, fighting the problem with the four traditional ontological thesis:
1. The human mind thinks to have understood to be through their categories (unity, causality, purpose, etc.). 2. The categories of the true being of things are signs of not being, that is, they call nada. 3. This makes no sense, but improve it meant to be this problem in nihilism, it doubts the value of life and invents another mundo. 4. Dividir the world in true and false or apparent is opposed not only to Plato, also Kant, for they are indeed symptoms, there must be a real man if there exists a false world a man of Nietzsche’s philosophy collides falso.
Nietzsche’s Influence
Nietzsche’s philosophy collides especially with the philosophers Plato and Kant. There is a confrontation between the ideas of primacy of the idea over the thing, and his theory of knowledge or recollection, which states that the soul existed in previous world and superior to the body and the existence of the”real worl” with the Nietzsche’s belief that the senses, and not reason, reality and show us that the existing world is only”apparent”
On the validity of Nietzschean thought it already had a major influence on German literature and on European literature and theology. Its concepts have been discussed and expanded by the likes of the German philosophers Karl Jaspers (writing a book that makes an attempt to understand Nietzsche, but interpret their doctrine, trying to get into your vision) and Martin Heidegger (says Nietzsche understand the nihilism that he himself had proclaimed), Spain Fernando Savater we can emphasize (with his book”Nietzsche’s Ide”), the German Jewish philosopher Martin Buber, the Germanic-American theologian Paul Tillich, and the French writers Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. Habbermas, Bertrand Russel, Adorno and others make a vision of Nietzschean thought sociológica.
La Nietzsche proclaims”God is dea” was used by radical theologians after the Second World War (especially by Americans Thomas JJ Altizer and Paul van Buren) in their attempts to bring Christianity to the 1960s and general posteriores.
En Nietzsche’s thinking has led many interpretations, even if not always positive or accepted, but have covered only the field of philosophy but to the whole culture in general (hippie movement).