Major Agricultural and Industrial Schemes in India

Posted on Jun 16, 2026 in Management Assistance

Agricultural Development Schemes

1. PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi)

Objective: To provide direct income support to farmers.

Features

₹6,000 per year transferred directly to farmers
Amount given in three installments
Financial support for small and marginal farmers

Importance

Supports farmers’ income
Helps in purchasing seeds and fertilizers
Reduces dependence on moneylenders

2. PMFBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana)

Objective: To provide crop insurance protection against natural calamities.

Features

Low premium rates
Compensation for crop damage
Covers drought, flood, pest attack, and hailstorm

Importance

Reduces agricultural risk
Provides financial security
Encourages investment in farming

Problems

Delay in compensation
Limited awareness
Administrative issues

3. MSP (Minimum Support Price)

Objective: To provide an assured price to farmers.

Features

Government fixes minimum price before sowing season
Procurement mainly through FCI
Important for wheat and rice farmers

Importance

Protects farmers from price falls
Encourages production
Increases income security

Limitations

Benefits limited to few crops and states
Procurement issues
Regional imbalance

4. PDS (Public Distribution System)

Objective: To provide food grains at subsidized rates.

Features

Wheat, rice, and sugar supplied through ration shops
Targets poor families
Operated by central and state governments

Importance

Reduces hunger and poverty
Improves food security
Helps weaker sections

Problems

Corruption
Leakages
Fake ration cards

5. NFSA 2013 (National Food Security Act)

Objective: To make food security a legal right.

Features

Covers about two-thirds of the population
5 kg food grains per person per month
Subsidized food grains

Importance

Strengthens food security
Protects poor families
Reduces hunger

6. FCI (Food Corporation of India)

Objective: To procure, store, and distribute food grains.

Functions

Procurement at MSP
Food grain storage
Distribution through PDS

Importance

Maintains buffer stock
Supports food security
Stabilizes prices

7. Mid-Day Meal Scheme

Objective: To improve nutrition and school attendance.

Features

Free cooked meals in government schools
Targets school children

Importance

Reduces malnutrition
Increases enrollment
Reduces dropouts

8. ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services)

Objective: To improve health and nutrition of women and children.

Services

Supplementary nutrition
Immunization
Health check-ups
Pre-school education

Importance

Reduces child malnutrition
Improves maternal health

9. POSHAN Abhiyan

Objective: To reduce malnutrition and anemia.

Features

Nutrition awareness
Technology-based monitoring
Focus on women and children

Importance

Improves nutritional security
Reduces stunting and wasting

10. PMKSY (Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana)

Objective: To improve irrigation facilities and water use efficiency.

Features

‘Har Khet Ko Pani’
Promotion of drip and sprinkler irrigation

Importance

Water conservation
Higher productivity
Better irrigation access

11. Soil Health Card Scheme

Objective: To promote balanced fertilizer use.

Features

Soil testing for farmers
Information on soil nutrients

Importance

Improves soil fertility
Reduces excessive fertilizer use
Promotes sustainable agriculture

12. PKVY (Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana)

Objective: To promote organic farming.

Features

Financial support for organic farming
Cluster-based organic cultivation

Importance

Eco-friendly farming
Improves soil quality
Reduces chemical use

13. e-NAM (National Agriculture Market)

Objective: To create a unified digital agricultural market.

Features

Online trading platform
Better price discovery
Transparent marketing

Importance

Reduces middlemen
Better market access
Improves farmers’ income

14. PM Matru Vandana Yojana

Objective: To provide nutritional support to pregnant women.

Features

Financial assistance during pregnancy

Importance

Improves maternal health
Supports nutrition

Industrial Development Schemes

1. Make in India

Objective: To promote manufacturing and industrial growth.

Features

Encouragement to domestic manufacturing
FDI promotion
Ease of doing business

Importance

Employment generation
Industrial development
Export promotion

2. Startup India

Objective: To promote entrepreneurship and innovation.

Features

Tax benefits for startups
Financial support
Simplified regulations

Importance

Innovation growth
Employment creation
Development of digital economy

3. Stand Up India

Objective: To support entrepreneurship among SC/ST and women.

Features

Bank loans for new businesses

Importance

Inclusive industrial development
Self-employment promotion

4. Digital India

Objective: To promote digital infrastructure and digital economy.

Features

Expansion of internet and digital services
Digital governance

Importance

Supports digital industries
Improves communication infrastructure

5. Atmanirbhar Bharat

Objective: To promote self-reliance in production and manufacturing.

Features

Support for domestic industries
MSME reforms
Production-linked incentives

Importance

Reduces import dependence
Encourages domestic production
Strengthens economy

6. Skill India Mission

Objective: To develop skilled manpower.

Features

Vocational training
Skill development programs

Importance

Improves employability
Supports industrial productivity

7. Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme

Objective: To boost manufacturing in key sectors.

Features

Incentives based on production growth
Support to electronics, automobiles, and pharma industries

Importance

Encourages investment
Improves exports
Increases manufacturing capacity

Industrial Development and Economic History

1. Industrial Development after Independence

Objectives

Self-reliance
Employment generation
Economic growth
Heavy industry development

2. Industrial Policy Resolution 1948

Mixed economy model
Role of public and private sectors

3. Industrial Policy Resolution 1956

Features

Expansion of public sector
Heavy industry development
Socialist pattern

4. Public Sector in India

Objectives

Development of basic industries
Employment generation
Regional balance
Infrastructure development

Problems

Inefficiency
Corruption
Losses
Political interference

5. Industrial Growth Phases

1950–1965

Rapid industrialization
Heavy industry growth

1965–1980

Industrial slowdown
War and drought effects

1980–1990

Industrial recovery
Technological progress

After 1991

Liberalization
Privatization
Globalization

6. Economic Reforms 1991

Main Elements

LPG reforms
Reduction in licensing
FDI promotion
Privatization

Impact

Competition increased
Technology improved
Export growth
Private sector expansion

7. MSMEs

Importance

Employment generation
Rural industrialization
Export contribution
Entrepreneurship development

Problems

Lack of finance
Technology gap
Market competition
Infrastructure problems

8. Competition in Industry

Advantages

Better quality
Lower prices
Innovation
Higher productivity

Challenges

Pressure on small industries
Foreign competition

9. Employment and Labour Issues

Jobless growth
Unorganized labour
Contract labour
Skill shortage
Labour insecurity

10. Infrastructure and Industry

Importance

Electricity
Roads
Ports
Communication
Logistics