Key Historical Events and Medical Case Studies
Medical Case Studies
Case 1: Bicycle Accident
What happened? Ella fell off her bicycle and hurt her leg.
What was the injury? Her leg was broken.
What is the treatment? The doctor examined her, prescribed pills, applied a cast, and she used a wheelchair before using crutches.
Case 2: Sports Injury
What happened? He had an accident while playing soccer.
What was the injury? He hurt his back and shoulder.
What is the treatment? Paramedics arrived in an ambulance and took him to the emergency room.
Case 3: Accidental Cut
What happened? She cut her arm when she tripped over a chair.
What was the injury? It was bleeding heavily and her arm hurt.
What is the treatment? The nurse examined her, gave her an injection, applied a bandage, and provided medicine.
Constitutional Amendments
- 13th (1865): Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.
- 14th (1868): Citizenship for all born/naturalized in the U.S.; equal protection and due process.
- 15th (1870): African American men gained voting rights; voting cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude.
- 19th (1920): Women gained voting rights.
Reconstruction Era
Positives
- Schools built for African American children.
- African Americans could move freely, choose jobs, and marry legally.
Negative
- Creation of Black Codes.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Used violence, terror, and intimidation against Black people and allies to stop them from exercising rights.
Homestead Act
Required a $10 fee; allowed claims of up to 160 acres; ownership granted after living there for 5 years.
Laissez-Faire
The belief that the government should not interfere in the economy.
Industrial Boom (Late 1800s)
Factories and machines replaced hand-made goods. New technology and assembly lines increased production. Many women worked long hours in poor conditions.
Vocabulary
- Robber Baron: Wealthy businessman using ruthless or unethical methods.
- Entrepreneur: Someone who risks money to earn a profit.
- Marxism: Workers vs. owners; workers overthrow the government; government owns property and distributes wealth.
- Social Darwinism: The belief that society improves because only the fittest survive.
- Philanthropy: Using wealth to improve society.
Nativism
Extreme dislike of foreigners; desire to limit immigration.
Examples
- Anti-Catholic attitudes toward Irish and German immigrants.
- 1920s anti-immigrant movement; immigrants blamed for taking jobs.
Jim Crow Laws
Southern segregation laws separating Black and white people; maintained white power and limited Black rights.
NAACP
Founded in 1909 to end lynching and racial discrimination.
Imperialism
Political and economic domination of weaker nations by stronger nations.
Puerto Rico
Unincorporated U.S. territory. Originally had no citizenship or constitutional rights. U.S. citizenship granted in 1917. Could elect own governor by 1947.
Trade Expansion
The transcontinental railroad increased trade and transportation.
U.S. Entry into WWI
- German U-boats attacked ships.
- Zimmermann Telegram.
- Economic and political ties to the Allies.
Germany and the WWI Treaty
Germany was forced to:
- Disband its military.
- Pay $33 billion in reparations.
- Accept blame for WWI.
Emergency Quota Act (1921)
Limited immigration to 3% of each ethnic group’s U.S. population based on the 1910 census.
Causes of the Great Depression
- Easy borrowing and low interest rates.
- Overproduction.
- Stock market speculation.
- Stock market crash.
Economic Definitions
- Foreclosure: Bank takes property for an unpaid loan.
- Unionization: Workers organize unions for wages and benefits.
- Prohibition (1920–1933): Alcohol was banned.
- Social Security Act: Aid for the elderly and unemployed.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
A 1933 New Deal program employing young men (18–25) to plant trees, fight fires, and build reservoirs; about 3 million workers by 1942.
1920s Culture
- Flapper: Stylish, unconventional young woman; bobbed hair, makeup, short dresses.
- Speakeasy: An illegal bar.
- Bohemian: An artistic, unconventional lifestyle.
Trickle-Down Economics
Tax breaks for the wealthy and corporations to encourage investment, jobs, and spending.
Stock Market Terms
- Bull Market: Rising stock prices.
- Speculation: Buying stocks hoping prices rise quickly.
- Black Tuesday: Oct. 29, 1929 stock market crash.
The Dust Bowl
Drought and overfarming on the Great Plains created massive dust storms. Many families moved to California but remained poor.
Important Leaders
- Lenin: Bolshevik leader; first Soviet leader.
- Mussolini: Italian dictator; founder of Fascism.
- Stalin: Soviet leader after Lenin.
- Roosevelt (FDR): U.S. president during the Depression and WWII.
- Hitler: Nazi dictator of Germany.
- Churchill: British Prime Minister during WWII.
Roosevelt’s New Deal
Focused on Relief, Recovery, and Reform; included jobs programs, banking regulations, and Social Security.
Communist Party Goal
Eliminate private ownership and wealth.
FDIC and Social Security
- FDIC: Insured bank deposits.
- Social Security: Pensions for the elderly, unemployment aid, and disability assistance.
Nuremberg Laws and Trials
Nuremberg Laws: Took citizenship from Jews and banned Jewish-German marriage.
Nuremberg Trials: Allied trials of Nazi leaders.
U.S. Entry into WWII
Triggered by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941).
Paris Peace Treaty
Germany was required to:
- Disband its military.
- Pay $33 billion in reparations.
- Accept blame for WWI.
- Surrender territory.
- Japan was re-established as a nation.
Daytime Dramas
Radio soap operas sponsored by soap companies; provided entertainment and escape from daily life.
Walt Disney
Produced the first feature-length animated film.
Fireside Chats and Bank Holidays
- Fireside Chats: Roosevelt’s radio talks to Americans.
- Bank Holidays: Temporary bank closings to stop bank runs.
Kristallnacht
“Night of Broken Glass” (Nov. 9, 1938); anti-Jewish violence in Germany and Austria; Jews were killed or injured, and property was destroyed.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
A New Deal agency (1935) that provided jobs to over 8.5 million Americans building infrastructure and supporting arts, theater, and literacy programs.