English Vocabulary and Grammar Review
Verbs
Irregular Verbs
Aguantar: bear/bore/born
Morder: bite/bit/bitten
Criar anim: breed/bred/bred
Pegarse, adherirse: Cling/clung
Andar sigilosamente: creep/crept
R.cartas, negociar: deal/dealt
Alimentar: feed/fed
Sentir, palpar: feel/felt/felt
Huir: flee/fled/fled
Olvidar: forget/forgot/forgotten
Moler: grind/ground/ground
Colgar: hang/hung/hung
Arrodillarse: kneel/knelt/knelt
Tumbarse: lie/lay/lain
Fundir: melt/melted/melted, molten
Segar: mow/mowed/mown
Dejar, abandonar hábito: Quit
Subir, salir el sol: rise/rose/risen
Buscar: seek/sought
Derramar: shed
Coser: sew/sewed/sewn
Hundir: sink/sank/sunk
Encoger: shrink/shrank/shrunk
Idioms
- We have to learn the irregular verbs by heart.
- We don’t see eye to eye about political issues.
- Do you mind lending me a hand with this job?
- He got a 5.1 in the…He passed by the skin of his teeth.
- He is always full of beans and jumping about.
- The teacher caught the pupil red-handed copying in the exam.
- I am so hungry, I could eat a horse.
- What’s wrong with you? Cat got your tongue?
- When he got to the party he felt like a fish out of water…he…
- It is a good idea to get your problems off your chest and speak…
- …he caught it in the nick of time.
- The teachers are sick and tired of pupils not paying attention in class.
- Relax! Take it easy!
- …They get on like a house on fire.
- I’m not sure who he is, but his face rings a bell.
- His latest book is a bestseller, they are selling like hot cakes.
- It doesn’t cost an arm and a leg, it costs peanuts.
- He turned up out of the blue, we weren’t expecting him.
- Thank you for being my shoulder to cry on, you always listen to me.
- Everybody gave him the cold shoulder.
Vocabulary
Advertising and Consumerism
– Advertiser (n): anunciante
– Advertise (v): anunciar
– Advertising (adj): anunciadora
– Consumer (n): consumo
– Consume (v): consumir
– Consumerist (adj): consumista
– Expense (n); expensive (adj): costoso (gastos)
– Necessity (n); Necessary (adj): necesidad
– Shop (n); shop (v); Shopping (n)
– Persuasión (n); persuade (v); persuasive (adj)
– Waste (n): malgasto; Waste (v); wasteful (adj)
Negative Prefixes
– Disagree: agree
– Dislike: like
– Illegible: legible
– Illegally: legally
– Impatient: patient
– Imperfection: perfection
– Impossibility: possibility
– Inexperienced: experienced
– Irrational: rational
– Irresponsibly: responsibly
– Unable: able
– Unfortunately: fortunately
– Unhealthy: healthy
– Unusual: usual
Abstract Nouns
– Boredom: bore/boring
– Confidence: confident
– Creativity: creative
– Determination: determined
– Enjoyment: enjoyable
– Excitement: exciting
– Freedom: free
– Frustration: frustrated
– Happiness: happy
– Loneliness: lonely
– Reality: real
– Relaxation: relaxed
– Silence: silent
Reporting Verbs
– Advise: aconsejar
– Agree: estar de acuerdo
– Announce: anuncio
– Appologise: disculparse
– Beg: rogar
– Boast: presumir
– Complain: quejarse
– Convince: convencer
– Insist: insistir
– Invite: invitar
– Offer: ofrecer
– Predict: predecir
– Promise: promesa
– Say: decir
– Suggest: sugerir
– Tell: contar
– Threaten: amenazar
Conditional (inventar)
- He won’t improve his marks unless he studies harder.
- If water freezes it becomes ice.
- He wouldn’t have forgotten his birthday if somebody had remembered.
- What would have happened if he hadn’t been there?
- If I were the president of this country I would change some rules.
3rd Conditional
She didn’t understand the lesson because she didn’t listen.
+ If she had listened, she would have understood the lesson.
– Si ella lo hubiera escuchado lo hubiera entendido.
If Only I… I Wish sujeto..(Traducir)
– won’t = could
– have = had
– ed o pasado = had +ed
– were = had been +ed
– had = hadn’t
– was sent = had sent/hadn’t
Reported Speech
Statements
1. I’m catching the bus today.
– Mary told John that she was catching the bus that day.
2. You forget the dates so easily! – M told J that he forgot …
3. I swam across the sea last year.
– Mary told John that she had swum across the sea the year before.
4. The teacher was cleaning the board when she fell.
– Mary told John that the teacher had been cleaning….she had fallen.
Orders (verbo normal)
1. Don’t shout while I’m writing! – M told J not to….she was writing.
2. Please wait until I come! – M asked J to…. she came.
3. Don’t leave until next month! – M asked J not to…the following…
4. Catch the ball! – M asked J to catch the ball.
Questions
1. What will you do tomorrow? – M asked J what would he do the following day.
2. What’s your friend’s job now? – M asked J what his friend’s job was at the moment.
3. What do you think about this? – M asked J what he thought about that.
4. Where does the bus go tonight? – M asked J where…..went that night