Data, Information, and Computer Systems Fundamentals
Data and Information
Data refers to real situations represented by symbols to be interpreted. This information is often called “qe.” Then we say the information is obtained by grouping a set of data. Data can be regarded as the raw material of information.
Process
- 1. Entry into the system (input)
- 2. Handling (processing)
- 3. The production of a result (output information)
The information is, therefore, the result set of a process of transformation of the data that is interpreted by human beings.
Computer Systems
Computer science studies the automatic and rational treatment of information using computers. The treatment is automatic because the machines do the work, which speaks of rational, and the process is defined by a program, still using human reasoning.
Risks
These are all factors that threaten the integrity and operation of information privacy, too damaging it.
3 Risks
- 1. Risks of physical origin: For instance, fires or floods.
- 2. Human-caused hazards: This includes theft and sabotage.
- 3. Hazards of technical origin: They belong to computer viruses or any unauthorized access to system information.
Tools to Prevent Risks
- Access Control System
- Backup
- Anti-virus
Computer Evolution
In 1946, the construction of the first programmable computer, called ENIAC, was completed. It weighed approximately 30 tons, occupied 150 square meters, consisted of 18,800 vacuum tubes, and burned out every 5 minutes, so it needed a cooled maintenance environment. ENIAC was very expensive but could make 5,000 calculations per second. In 1951, the first mass commercial computer, UNIVAC 1, was created. From that point on, computers were constantly transformed, taking into account these characteristics:
- Miniaturization: When a component is set to one.
- Reliability: The quality of functioning.
- Speed: The speed with which it carries out data processing.
Definitions
- Telematics: A scientific and technological discipline that arises from the evolution and union of telecommunication and information technology. It includes services such as education, electronic commerce, web services, etc.
- Office Automation: The hardware and software equipment used to create, collect, store, manipulate, and digitally transmit the necessary information. The backbone of the office is a local area network that allows users to transmit data.
- Home Automation: Comes from the union of two words, “Domus” (house) and “Tica” (automatic), meaning the whole house automation systems capable of automating a home, providing welfare and communication. It could be said to be the interaction of technology in the intelligent design of a place.
- ICT: Information Technology and Communication.
- NTIC: New Information Technologies and Communication.
- NTIT: New Information Technologies and Telecommunication.
- NTICX: New Information Technologies and Connectivity.
PC Types
According to the storage capacity and computational power, they are divided into:
- Supercomputers: These are the most powerful and expensive (those used by large organizations).
- Macro computers: Handle a large amount of information (those used by airports).
- Mini computers: Smaller, but the differences are minimal (those used by smaller airports).
- Microcomputers: Those whose central processing unit is a microprocessor (the kind used in homes and offices).