Chemical Formulas: Hydrides, Oxides, and Salts

Posted on Mar 26, 2025 in Chemistry

Formulas:

Hydrazide: HF – hydrofluoric acid, fluoride; HCl – hydrochloric acid, chloride, etc.

Hydrides (Non-Metallic):

  • NH3 – Ammonia
  • PH3 – Phosphine
  • AsH3 – Arsine
  • SbH3 – Stibnite
  • CH4 – Methane
  • SiH4 – Silane

Hydrides (Metallic):

  • FeH2 – Ferrous Hydride, Fe(II) Hydride
  • AlH3 – Aluminum Trihydride, Al Hydride

Oxides (Metallic):

  • Na2O – Sodium Oxide
  • NiO – Nickel Monoxide, Ni(II) Oxide

Oxides (Non-Metallic): (CN to determine their oxidation numbers: Cl, Br, I -> 1, 3, 5, 7)

  • ClO2 – Hypochlorous Anhydride, Cl(I) Oxide
  • S2O2 – Thiosulfurous Anhydride, S(II) Oxide (S, Se, Te -> 2, 4, 6)
  • N2O – Hyponitrous Anhydride, N(I) Oxide (N -> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
  • NO – Nitric Monoxide, N(II) Oxide
  • N2O3 – Nitrous Anhydride, Dinitrogen Trioxide, N(III) Oxide
  • NO2 – Nitrogen Dioxide, N(IV) Oxide
  • N2O5 – Nitric Anhydride, Dinitrogen Pentoxide, N(V) Oxide
  • P2O – Hypophosphorous Anhydride, P(I) Oxide (P -> 1, 3, 5)
  • As2O3 – Arsenious Trioxide, As Oxide (As, Sb -> 3, 5)
  • C2O4 / CO2 – Carbon Dioxide, C(IV) Oxide (C, Si -> 4)

Binary Compounds (Metal with Non-Metal): (Ordered from left to right: Si, C, Sb, As, P, N, H, Te, Se, S, I, Br, Cl, O, F)

Oxisalts and Acid Salts

Oxisalts:

  • CaCO3 – Calcium Carbonate
  • Fe(ClO3)2 – Aluminum Sulfite
  • AgBrO2 – Silver Hypobromite
  • Hg2(SeO4) – Mercuric Selenate
  • Pb2(SiO3)2 – Leaded Metasilicate
  • Fe4(P2O5)3 – Ferric Pyrophosphite
  • Ba(MnO4)2
  • Au2(SO3)3 – Auric Sulfite
  • CrCO3 – Chromium Carbonate
  • ZnCr2O7 – Zinc Dichromate
  • Fit2 – Cuprous Metafosfito
  • K5IO6 – Potassium Orthoperiodate

SCl – Sulfur Chloride, Sulfur Tetrachloride, S(IV) Chloride

Hydroxides: Fe(OH)3

Oxoacids: (Have the form HaXbOc)

Column 17, Halogens:

  • HClO – Hypochlorous Acid
  • HClO2 – Chlorous Acid
  • HClO3 – Chloric Acid
  • HClO4 – Perchloric Acid
  • HIO4 – Metaperiodic Acid
  • H5IO6 – Orthoperiodic Acid (Br, I)

Column 16, Chalcogens:

  • H2S2O3 – Thiosulfuric Acid
  • H2SO3 – Sulfurous Acid (= Se)
  • H2S2O5 – Disulfurous Acid
  • H2SO4 – Sulfuric Acid (= Se)
  • H2TeO3 – Tellurous Acid
  • H2TeO4 – Metatelluric Acid
  • H6TeO6 – Orthotelluric Acid

Column 15, Pnictogens:

  • HNO2 – Nitrous Acid
  • HNO3 – Nitric Acid
  • H3PO3 – Orthophosphorous Acid or Phosphorous Acid (= As, Sb)
  • H4P2O5 – Pyrophosphorous Acid
  • HPO2 – Metaphosphorous Acid
  • H3PO4 – Orthophosphoric Acid or Phosphoric Acid (= As, Sb)
  • H4P2O7 – Pyrophosphoric Acid
  • HPO3 – Metaphosphoric Acid

Column 14, Carbon Group:

  • H2CO3 – Carbonic Acid
  • H2SiO3 – Metasilicic Acid
  • H4SiO4 – Orthosilicic Acid

Transition Metals:

  • H2MnO4 – Manganic Acid
  • HMnO4 – Permanganic Acid
  • H2CrO4 – Chromic Acid
  • H2Cr2O7 – Dichromic Acid
  • HVO3 – Metavanadic Acid
  • H3VO4 – Orthovanadic Acid

Oxisalts: Replace the H in the acid with a metal. OSO -> ITO; ICO -> ATO. Example: Ferric Nitrate (Nitrate – Nitric Acid – HNO3) – Fe(NO3)3

Acid Salts: Derived from acids with 1+ H. 1 H replaced -> bi/hydrogen; +2 H -> mono, di, tri, etc. Add the number of H before the name of the salt. Example: Ferrous Bicarbonate -> H2CO3 -> Fe(HCO3)2

Notebook:

  • CO2 – Carbon Dioxide
  • Na2SO3 – Sodium Sulfite
  • Na2SO4 – Sodium Sulfate
  • Na2S – Sodium Sulfide
  • C4H10 – Butane
  • CaCO3 – Calcium Carbonate
  • C2H6O – Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)
  • ZnSO4 – Zinc Sulfate
  • H2SO4 – Sulfuric Acid
  • HNO3 – Nitric Acid
  • Al(NO3)3 – Aluminum Nitrate