Analysis of Spanish Texts: Grammar, Vocabulary, and Literary Devices
She Covered Her Head
1.2 Syntactic and Lexical Analysis
The text is built with short sentences, creating a fast-paced and choppy rhythm. Key nouns emphasize the themes of fear and anxiety: tremor, palpitations, pain, screams, horror, respiration. Verbal expressions like “the heart was beating in my throat” and “was missing air” further heighten the tension. Adverbs such as quickly and continuously contribute to the sense of urgency.
1.3 Vocabulary
a) the fold of the sheet: the sheet bends out of bed where it touches the face.
b) curled: shrunken, contracted, curled up (as a reaction to fear or pain).
c) squat: with the body bent so that the buttocks are close to the ground or the heels.
d) would be to get there: be missing some time to come.
1.4 – 1.5 Narration and Perspective
1.4. c) does not want to remember the nightmares I had as a child.
1.5. a) has an omniscient narrator who knows what the character feels and thinks.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. a) Direct Object.
b) Adverbial Subordinate Concessive Clause.
c) the arms that close against a chest that sometimes belonged to Aurelia and others to Ernest, who explains the departure of Mother to the movies or the theater and would surely be upon arrival.
d) Indirect Object: le. Direct Object (2 coordinated Direct Objects): Mama’s output to the film to the theater and that would certainly be on arrival.
e) 3rd person plural of the imperfect subjunctive.
f) Adverb.
3.2. He said it was still early, not to be silly and look inside to see that there was nothing.
3.3. (Table is missing context and cannot be accurately fixed without further information)
3.4. c) is subject to confess their fear and twenty circumstantial complement, both of causing.
3.5. b) preposition, pronoun, noun, adjective and adverb.
The Minister for Equality
1.2 Vocabulary
a) non-institutionalized: That is not done as part of any institution, such as a council, an autonomous community, state, etc.
b) acts of solidarity: Activities that aim to alleviate inequalities.
c) gender inequalities: Situations in which men and women receive different treatment, often damaging to women.
d) dream home: Operation and structure desirable group of people living together.
1.3 Vocabulary
Damage: Damage to material or moral.
Prejudice: opinion formed before knowledge of all aspects about an act or person.
1.4 – 1.5 Youth and Employment
1.4. b) is held every four years, noting that young people are increasingly interested in politics.
1.5. a) men have higher employment rates than women and unemployment affects more women than men.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. a) highlights
b) the use of new technologies and activities through the network (which is triggering new forms of relationships and personal affection)
c) Direct Object
d) that is triggering new forms of relationships and personal affection. Relative adjectival subordinate clause (explanatory).
3.2. For yourself: self, self-adhesive, self-censorship, self, self…
car: motorway, car wash, autochoque, drive-hitch, highway…
3.3. Reflects passive: it appears that women obtain higher educational levels than men
– Active: (us) we note / report / people / everyone… notes that women achieve higher educational levels than men
– Passive: that women achieve higher educational levels than men is found (by us) / to report / people / everyone…
3.4. C) both.
3.5. A) third person singular present subjunctive.
Upon Receipt of Carrascal’s Letter
1.2 Vocabulary
Tame: dominate, control…
Habit: practice, practice…
add: Adds…
hesitation, doubt, hesitation…
1.3 – 1.6 Character Description and Dialogue
1.3. A person who, for a congenital problem, has a monstrous appearance.
1.4. a) put as scarlet: blushes.
b) It puts the matter so serious: marina gets serious.
1.5. Avito tells Marina that she has pretty eyes, but inside, he feels it is better to be quiet because if not, he will fall. Marina replied that she would not laugh if he said something a little inconvenient, and Avitus replied that he does not laugh when it comes to something serious, and they are trying the most serious thing in the world.
1.6. d) Avitus is the form and science, and Marina is the subject.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1) Add circumstantial time.
b) Because it is a hiatus.
c) Pray row. You can substitute so that, so that… (Alcina / Blecua p. 1052) According to the literature, will be accepted whether coordinated say as subordinate.
d) neutral personal pronoun 3rd person singular.
3.2. Copy: infinitive + I
procúranse: 3rd person plural present indicative + Is
Talk to me: 2nd person singular imperative + I
salírsele: infinitive + to + you
shut up: 2nd person singular imperative + te
put: 3rd person singular present indicative + Is
3.3. Was not copy the same instinct, nature, matter? The letter would say anything he wanted, but what about the eyes?… Oh my eyes! Here you can copy it all did not copy anything, they were completely original, with original classic, which was still plagiarism.
3.4. a) They are two copulative coordinated sentences whose verbs are being said and is satisfied.
3.5. b) noun, adjective, noun and pronoun.
Believe Me, It’s Beautiful Work
1.2 Epistolary Form and Message
The epistolary form of the text, addressed to a you-adolescent, individual and personal, shifts to the use of the third person for a collective message, general, universal, and highlights the mercantilist risk running all young generations.
1.3 Vocabulary
a) test: a situation that can simulate what could happen in reality
b) imperative message: information that is transmitted as an order or precept
c) for all budgets: affordable for any economy or purchasing power
d) reduced to a puppet: become a person who is managed by others
1.4 – 1.5 Legal Context and Sentence Type
1.4. d) Private right
1.5. a) adverbial.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. a) because
b) demonstrative pronoun
c) (Missing context)
d) the adolescent – Direct Object
e) the market
f) immediate needs – Direct Object
3.2. This is an English voice that has not experienced any kind of adaptation and for this reason is written in italics. It is very Spanish.
Proposal: announcement
3.3. But – Coordinating, adversative
because – subordinating, causal
and – Coordinating, copulative
3.4. C) subject, direct object, subject.
3.5. B) subject.
September 2008-2009: People Who Pay
1.2 Vocabulary
inclined: likely, intended, favorable predisposed…
perspective: vision, perspective, optics, criterion…
desires: desires, aspirations, anxieties, cravings…
stimulating: motivating, exciting…
1.3 – 1.6 Generosity and Verb Tense
1.3. Generous / selfless / altruistic
Individualistic / selfish
1.4. This is the date of publication of the book whose title appears immediately before.
1.5. C) Helping others without expecting anything in return.
1.6. B) connectors;.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) results.
b) Subject.
c) Dependent clause relative adjectival noun / Supplement Direct.
d) that, “the.
3.2. Are: 3rd person plural present subjunctive.
work: 3rd person singular present subjunctive.
meets: 3rd person singular present subjunctive.
is: 3rd person singular present subjunctive.
3.3. Volunteer, remember, help
3.4. A) add the name, direct object, complement system, complement circumstantial.
3.5. C) the prayer that many people enjoy building their own spirituality without God or desire for eternity is subject to substantive subject function.
June 2007-2008: PISA
1.2 Vocabulary
performance: a result, achievement…
challenges: challenges…
Mandatory: voluntary, optional…
modern: ancient, archaic…
1.3 – 1.5 PISA and Acronyms
1.3. A) reading skills: Ability or ability in reading.
b) teaching-learning processes: successive phases during the transmission of knowledge
c) education policies: a set of actions undertaken by the Administration in the field of education.
d) long range: significance or effect of major or prolonged.
1.4. A) an abbreviation pronounced as a word
1.5. A) a study comparing the performance of students from different countries and will be carried out periodically.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) is. Is elliptical.
b) although the data provided may be of interest to education researchers. Concessive adverbial subordinate clause (although = although).
c) personal pronoun.
d) Attribute (prepositional)
3.2. A) these skills are evaluated every three years since the first call that took place in 2000.
b) these skills are assessed every three years, from…
c) (PISA) assesses the competencies every three years, from…
3.3. (Table is missing context and cannot be accurately fixed without further information)
3.4. D) the subject is elliptical, and it introduces a coordinated adversarial.
3.5. D) adjective, adjective, adjective, adjective, adjective.
They Say the Youth
1.2 Vocabulary
Favorite: favorite, favorite…
soils: get used, style…
driving guides, lead…
seduce: captivate, fascinate, win…
contingencies: unexpected, unpredictable, sudden, shooting…
sumptuous: luxurious, lavish, magnificent, splendid…
restrict you: limit you, ceñirte…
captive prisoners, prisoners…
1.3 – 1.5 Love and Personification
1.3. A) point the way: direct, point the way.
b) bridal: initial phase of the mating of animals.
c) time still: time passes very slowly.
d) two-headed eagle: double-headed eagle.
1.4. C) The narrator addresses love, through the use of personification, as a driving force behind all aspects of life.
1.5. A) to the tears that generates the sentence, as opposed to happiness.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) the time gap still and melancholy.
b) Adverb
c) Adverb
d) Add the name of time.
3.2. – That youth is your favorite age.
– Spring is the time you normally appear.
– You have ages and seasons.
3.3. I, who under the direction of the constellations and even the smallest address rhythms of the earth, I, I drive to the dogs by the delicate ways of smell, and enshrines the butterflies with invisible threads very long, I who beautify any creature to seduce another, and organize contingency and sumptuous bridal party, I can not be restricted to one age or one hour…
3.4. B) adjective, adjective, pronoun, noun, adjective, adjective.
3.5. D) CRV
The Bearded Vulture
1.2 Vocabulary
a) wingspan: a bird, the distance between the wings (extended).
b) informer eagle: bird species like the eagle, but has some features of the goat, like the hairs on the underside of the beak, looking like the beard of the goat.
c) nests on inaccessible rocks: It nests in rocks to which it is virtually impossible.
d) Lives in pairs isolated: No live grouped in flocks, but every couple live isolated from others.
1.3 Vocabulary
Preference: preference, inclination…
precarious: sensitive, threatened, fragile, insecure…
rarely: unusually, strangely, unusually, in a few / rare / rare occasions…
Integrated: form, is composed…
capturing: chase, arrest…
1.4 – 1.5 Habitat and Species Status
1.4. A) Field cut nearly vertically, formed by rocks and generally on the coast.
1.5. D) is not made explicit why the species is in a precarious situation.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) is recognized: it has (impersonal verb). / Hangs up: that (bun of black hair).
b) Supplement Direct.
c) indirect object.
d) Add the Name.
3.2. (Table is missing context and cannot be accurately fixed without further information)
3.3. Turning his eyes in all directions. – Subordinated adverbial modal.
until he discovers the dam. – Subordinated temporal adverbial.
when sighting a small chamois or hare. – Subordinated temporal adverbial (tb. is permitted Subordinated conditional).
to wait for your partner. – Subordinated final.
if they decide to capture prey. – Subordinated conditional.
3.4. A) noun, adjective, noun and adverb.
3.5. B) a feminine noun singular.
September 2007-2008: Three Hats
1.3 Vocabulary
a) a new life: Is a radical change in someone’s life
b) they rest in peace: The formula to be used in naming a deceased person
c) nice people: People very kind
d) virtuous lady: Young woman has a right conduct, according to the rules.
1.4 – 1.5 Character Description and Annotations
1.4. A) happy and humble
1.5. B) annotations
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) Two coordinated copular sentences.
b) make a very beautiful work and beautiful apple pies. Supplement Direct.
c) Adverb. Adjective.
d) adverb. Personal pronoun.
3.2. Don Don Dionisio Rosario inquiry which has been in the hat. Don Dionisio replied that wears a top hat for the wedding, which has given her father when he was mayor, and he has two more purchased. They are taught, and added that they are very pretty, and above all are seen to be cup, which is what it takes. But neither he feels right, you are a guy, another makes a very large head, and the third, as his girlfriend, makes him face salamander.
3.3. This has given me: Add Direct has given
This is my boy: Guy is
This makes me a head?: Subject ago
And it says my girlfriend?: Subject ago
3.4. D) polysyndeton
3.5. A) adjective and adverb
It Is Relatively Common
1.2 Vocabulary
a) Intravenous: Through a vein by vein
b) Incubation period: Time elapsed since the disease is contracted until the first symptoms appear.
c) scoop Amount that fits in a spoonful, but not exceeding the edges
d) bloody stools: blood-containing faeces
1.4 – 1.5 Symptoms and Treatment
1.4. Symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, dehydration, intense thirst, decreased urination, sunken eyes, weakness (extreme), dizziness, bloody stools.
Food: sauces, mayonnaise, cream, cream, eggs, chicken (contaminated), water (contaminated).
1.5. A) drink plenty of fluids in small sips but very often
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) than in summer occurring gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhea, vomiting…) apparently caused by some food in good condition.
b) relatively and apparently.
c) Subordinated substantive.
d) Subject to occur.
3.2. There is (to ensure) no (signs of dehydration)
3.3. Latin Origin: watery.
Greek: dehydration, dehydrated, rehydration, rehidratrantes.
3.4. C) The track is the first effect, and second, children and elderly
3.5. A) an adjective, add the name of germ
June 2006-2007: Man Is the Only…
1.2 Vocabulary
a) Food: food. Shelter: shelter.
b) Pleasure, pain, suffering. Build: destroyed, demolished.
c) Animal.
d) Man is the only animal that… stumbles twice on the same stone.
1.3 – 1.5 Art and Primary Needs
1.3. A) flavored foods: Da flavor or taste (food) using seasonings: salt, oil, pepper… / Alina (food).
b) harmonious lines: With a balance between its parts
c) high couture fashion designers made significant or prestige.
d) primary needs: Essentials for survival.
1.4. C) tie, such as art, not a primary need.
1.5. B) art or technique of preparing a good meal.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) Basta. The subject is “dressing.”
b) Conjunction (adversative).
c) Man.
d) Situational Add Mode.
e) In this function as basic (CI). the requirement to make clothing with certain shapes and colors (CD).
3.2. The frieze of plaster or fringe in the form of question marks on the bars that hold the handrail of a staircase add nothing to the shelter of man.
3.3. Added. / 3rd person plural present.
3.4. A).
3.5. D) CD.
Gender-Based Violence
1.2 Vocabulary
a) domestic violence: Violence directed against women by the mere fact of being (taken from the text itself).
b) physical and moral integrity: Quality of the person who has not received any physical or psychological aggression.
c) the battered woman syndrome: a situation that is the woman who suffers abuse and mistreatment, and that made subject to man..
d) fundamental freedoms: freedoms recognized the human being, by the mere fact of being: freedom of expression, movement, assembly…
1.3 Vocabulary
Brutal: savage, barbaric, cruel…
degrading: humiliating, outrageous…
acknowledged, admitted, he said, agreed, agreed…
purposes: purposes, reasons…
prejudice: damages, injures, shrinkage, reduces…
expression: expression, shows…
suffered: suffered, experienced…
effect: influence, impact…
1.4 Key Concepts
For all that this… / History: all
There is a problem that affects… / History: problem
It is a violence that is directed… / History: violence a technical definition of battered woman syndrome that consists of… / History: the battered woman syndrome.
socio-cultural constraints that act… / History: cultural conditioning…
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) Word: Recognized / Subject: The United Nations Organization.
b) complement or direct object.
c) – at the Fourth World Conference 1995: Situational Place Supplement. – And: Add Time Situational.
d) Direct Plug violates and impairs.
3.2. Be: I = female. Function: Attribute
located: = a woman. Function: Direct Complement
3.3. Culties / subject: those who
we understood / subject: those who
affect / subject: that
can / subject elliptical
3.4. D) adjective, adjective, adjective, adverb, adverb, noun, adjective.
3.5. A) complement agent.
As Dad
1.2 Vocabulary
Tastes: whims, desires, whims, pleasures, satisfactions…
generous: detached, disinterested, a splendid…
stress: stress, stress, stress…
squabbling, fighting, arguments, disputes, quarrels, scandals, trouble, fights, chicken…
childhood childhood
escape: escape, escape, escape…
1.3 Vocabulary
– A madcap folly: the lack of sense of the crazy person or little sense.
– Homely virtues: positive qualities of family life.
– Informal atmosphere: a set of qualities that show a lack of seriousness or formality.
– Poor man: a man unhappy or miserable.
1.4 – 1.5 Character Description and Contradictions
1.4. B) talked with moralizing tone.
1.5. D) was contradictory, but easy to love for your child
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) is elliptical (him).
b) as, because, because, because…
c) Attribute.
d) Provided for some years.
e) Dependent clause adjectival or relative (explanatory), complementary to the name.
f) His sisters.
3.2. Multiple meanings of a word or any sign language. The word woman is polysemous because it can mean female person or married person in respect of her husband.
3.3. Loved and respected. The leismo is the use of pronouns him or them in terms of CD.
3.4. A) the poor man managed to escape is the subject of (Missing context)
Girona
1.2 Location and Economy
a) It is located in the north and east of the peninsula.
b) Rainfall so far exceeding what is considered the minimum to qualify weather as wet.
c) The population is growing.
d) The economic sector that includes non-productive activities that lend themselves to citizens: education, health, leisure, tourism.
1.3 – 1.5 Verb Tense and Population Growth
1.3. You use the 3rd person of the present indicative, and in particular the linking verbs because they are a target text, a type of scientific text.
– Pret. perf. simple (or indefinite) indicative: was
– Pret. perf. of ind.: it has been, focused, lost, increased
1.4. B) is more characteristic of a free (Missing context)
1.5. A) the population has increased due to tourism, although it has been concentrated in cities.
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) has been.
b) boom.
c) Add circumstantial time.
d) but. Prayer coordinated adversarial.
3.2. – Whose highest elevation is the Puigmal, with 2913 m. / Add Name
– Which flows into the Ebro / Subject
– Discharging directly into the Mediterranean. / Subject
– Exceeding 600 mm per year / subject
– Which took place from the early 1970s. / Subject
– The one that has increased in the province / Subject
– Where there are textile factories… / Situational Add Place
3.3. Demographic: demo people, democracy, demagogy
Hydro: Hydro water: seaplane, hydrogen, hydrosphere, hydroxide, anhydride…
3.4. D) adversative
3.5. D) attribute
We Have Become Accustomed
1.3 Vocabulary
Discourse: speech, proclamation, harangue, harangue…
pauper: beggar, poor, begging…
habits: habits, customs…
obstacle, difficulty, disadvantage, disability, work…
1.4 Vocabulary
Accept: reject, refuse…
exaggerated moderate, restrained, measured, provided…
poor: efficient, effective…
optimism, pessimism, defeatism…
1.5 – 1.6 Changing Habits and Author
1.5. C) despite all the bad habits can be changed
1.6. A) pau vila
3.1 – 3.5 Grammatical Analysis
3.1. A) 1.- that, despite the obstacles, they had to open the way to success because the objective was very clear and affected many people. Subordinate clause adjectival relative explanatory
2.- because the objective was very clear and affected many people. Prayer adverbial subordinate causal.
b) is elliptical (class struggle / fight feminist).
c) despite the (obstacles) / even if (obstacle)
d) the objective was clear and affected many people
3.2. A + Noun Phrase: the poverty of many people, the bikes without light and in the opposite direction to the trend of political speeches to beggars in the street kneeling.
– A substantive Dependent clause + infinitive: to accept violence, to eat bread that is not like before, to pay exorbitant prices for what is fashionable.
– A + Prayer substantive subject introduced by the conjunction that: the trains are deficient, the planes that no longer means of transport where we are well treated, to have television shameful.
3.3. A) has been / will be talking / will follow.
b) the eminent geographer.
c) Dependent clause adverbial, based on circumstantial Supplement Time.
d) Add-predicative.
3.4. D) a connector
3.5. B) to pay exorbitant prices for what is fashionable complement system is we have become accustomed, and in turn, so it is smart to pay supplement regime.