Woodworking Machinery: Functions and Uses

Sierra Multiple

Function: Performs multiple simultaneous cuts on pieces of timber in a parallel fashion. The distances between the cuts determine the width to be achieved.

Components:

• Horizontal table guide
• Horizontal axis table wing (above the table) with multiple circular saws
• Feeding system acting on both sides of the piece

The table is fixed; only the feeding system is mobile and must adapt to the bulk of the pieces.

Tupi (Spindle Moulder)

Function: Shapes wood using a series of tools or cutters (bits) mounted on a vertical shaft.

Uses:

• Molding edges
• Creating grooves
• Pre-mortising heads, etc.

It’s a highly versatile machine. The speed is chosen based on the tool, cutting diameter, wood type, and cutting depth.

Molding Machine

Function: Simultaneously performs the functions of a planer, thicknesser, spindle moulder, and even a circular saw. This machine planes the piece, works the edge, thicknesses it, and shapes the edge with a molding.

Profiling Machine

Function: Shapes the two edges of the wood. Usually used in making finished products, profiling both edges simultaneously (e.g., door and window sashes).

It has four or more axles on each side of the machine, where cutters and saws are placed as needed. On some machines, one of the axes is mobile, allowing for shaping curved edges.

Lathe

Function: Shapes wood into a circular section, either along its entire length or variably.

Components:

• Point and counterpoint to hold the piece
• Circular motion mechanism
• Tools that vary according to the type of lathe

The counterpoint, located on the opposite side, supports the piece. It has a manual translation movement towards the point to fit the length of the piece but does not spin. It has a bearing for smooth rotation.

CNC (Numerical Control) Machines

Function: Operated by a computer using numerical codes, either entered directly by the operator or from drawings.

Through Joint or Multiple Joints

Function: Creates a strong joint between two pieces of wood by making a tenon and a mortise. This maximizes the joint surface and resistance. It’s recommended for parts subject to significant stress.

Bonding Through Bolt or Bolts (or False Tenons)

Function: Joins two pieces of lumber by drilling holes and inserting a bolt. The bolt is applied to drier-than-normal wood. When glue is added (incorporating water), the bolt swells inside the timber. The bolt has a countersunk and ridged design for easy entry. Mechanization involves horizontal drilling.

Widening

Function: Joins pieces of wood to achieve a greater width, either because wood of the desired width is unavailable or to prevent warping that can occur in excessively wide pieces.

Common Wood Joints

Butt Joint: A simple joint where pieces are joined end-to-end. With good technology, it can be stronger than the wood itself.

Note: Resistance is achieved only if the edge is properly carved, planed, free of blade marks or burns, and adhesives are applied.