Women’s Rights and Political Instability in Early 20th Century Spain
SDLM Rating: Women’s Subordination in Early 20th Century Spain
SDLM Rating: This is a historical text, a primary source, namely a fragment of one of the lectures of José Francisco Prat, union worker and contributor to newspapers such as Land and Freedom, delivered at the Labour Centre of Barcelona in 1903. It is therefore a public text aimed at men and women linked to this institution. Classify it by its content of social and intended to educate the audience about the situation so unfair that women living in early twentieth century. Chronologically it would place during the period of the Restoration and in particular during the early reign of Alfonso XIII. The text is reproduced in J. Arostegui et al history.2 Bachillerato. Comment: The main idea of the text is to denounce the situation of legal subordination of women living at the time and the tremendous social injustice that is submitted. In the first paragraph, the author outlines the rights that are granted to upper-class women, very limited rights and aimed at women of this class can make good marriages within their social status. It also notes that although these women may inherit and own property can not always dispose of them. Would find themselves worse off women workers as the author explains in the following paragraphs, which since childhood are forced to work ten-hour days for wages too low to allow them to cover their basic needs and the economic misery would join his lack of education. Finally, it stresses that are subject to certain duties of submission, resignation and duty towards parents and husbands and a lack of rights. Book: In the text we see the situation of women at the beginning of the century, which were considered naturally inferior to men. It’s just the beginning of this century that the first manifestations calling improving social and legal situation of women and it is in these early discordant voices which would place the author of the text. While it appeared these critical voices were still considered that women dominated the feeling and affection in front of reason and intelligence so that the woman should be reserved for motherhood and family. The number of girls enrolled in schools was well below that of children and the education they received about and respond to different models other girls devote more time to religion and work compared to other disciplines such as reading or math. The incorporation of women into the university found many obstacles and the possibility of exercising the profession for which they were prepared. Between 1910 and 1930, the number of women in college did not exceed 10%. It is in the laws of married women where discrimination is most obvious female. In the Civil Code required that the man was the property manager his wife and that this could not sell or buy anything without his permission. The presence of women in the workshops and factories, farm work, commerce and domestic service was common in the popular classes. Respect their right to exercise the vote in 1924 Primo de Rivera gave the vote in municipal elections to the heads of families, but will be during the 2nd Republic in 1933 when women can vote in general elections as provided for the constitution of 1931. this constitution will also be declaring legal equality of both sexes.
PGPR: Primo de Rivera’s Manifesto and the End of the Restoration
PGPR: This is a manifesto or proclamation, written by Miguel Primo de Rivera, published in the Journal of Barcelona on September 13, 1923, when Miguel Primo de Rivera made a coup which ended the system Restoration policy and would last until 1930. It is therefore a historical context, political and public. The author Miguel Primo de Rivera, was a prominent military who considered himself “iron surgeon” to be regenerate Spain. Understands his dictatorship from 1923 to 1930 in opposition to extending the Alfonso XIII caused him to withdraw his confidence and Miguel Primo de Rivera went into exile in Paris where he died a few months later. At the time of the coup, he was Captain General of Catalonia. Comment: In the manifesto we can see how Miguel Primo de Rivera said as it is violating the law, but does so by collecting the Spanish desire to end the corrupt system Restoration and a few professional politicians who care more about their own interests to solve the problems of the country. The text also refers to 1898, Primo de Rivera that mean the decline and disgrace of critical España.También box system that was practiced at that time because it is a system of corruption, electoral fraud. The end of the show is about patriotism and that as he comes to Spain to free the country from political control. Of note is the macho attitude of that era, as the author claims that politics is for men and should be performed exclusively for them. Book: As stated in the text, September 13, 1923 Miguel Primo de Rivera gave a coup in Barcelona, a key point in Spanish politics during those years. The coup had the sympathy of the bourgeoisie, especially the Catalan was possibly the previous agreements. Alfonso XIII dismissed the government’s proposal to remove the rebels and call and instructed courts to form a government of Rivera.El Primo political thought of Miguel Primo de Rivera was forged in the chain of command mentality and the rejection of the professional politicians. Is identified as a profound patriot, Catholic and traditional. In the beginning was an admirer of Mussolini, but their views on fascism was varied as advancing his regime. We also admire some aspects of regeneracionismo, claimed to be the “iron surgeon” who saved the country from corruption and despotism. Initially enjoyed great social and political support. The sectors that supported him were: Catholics and traditionalists, the military, business and dictatorship patronos.Su two stages:
The Military Directory (1923-1925)
1 – The military directory (1923 – 1925) Miguel Primo de Rivera was proposed in this directory ending problems the last stage of the Restoration. To solve the problem of public order sought to extend the “Somatic” all over Spain but only succeeded in Catalonia. To try to eliminate chieftaincy Municipal Statute was issued trying to give greater financial autonomy to the municipalities. The great success of the military Board was to end the war in Morocco. Spanish and French agreed to a joint operation that ended with the defeat of Abd-el-Krim.
The Civil Directory (1925-1930)
2 – The Civil Directory (1925-1930) After the success in Morocco, Primo de Rivera suggested the king to replace the Directory by a Civil Military.During this stage the institutionalization of the regime by the formation of a National Consultative Assembly, this Assembly was tasked with drafting a new constitution that was never made publicarse.El Minister Eduardo Aunós legislation that stands between the Code Corporate Organization of Labour Trabajo.La was to regulate labor problems between employers and workers. In the economic sector the state had a leading role promoting public works. Displayed the Hydrographic Confederations. Be expanded and improved roads. Higher Council is founded Railways. For its administration is based CAMPSA.La persistence of the dictatorship in power, was being opposed by various sectors of society. Conservative and Liberal parties since the convening of the National Consultative Assembly Alfonso XIII pressured to withdraw his support for the dictator. Republicans formed the Republican Alliance succeeded in uniting various sectors of republicanism. Within the PSOE was the division between Largo Caballero sector supporter of collaborating with the dictator and the sector of Indalecio Prieto and Fernando de los Ríos contrary to it. The confrontation of intellectuals with the dictatorship was led by figures such as Unamuno, Ortega y Gasset and Menendez Pidal, who signed a manifesto against its cultural policy. Alfonso XIII, fearful that the growing prestige of the dictatorship would affect the monarchy, the trust withdrew the dictator who resigned in January 1930.