Why is human resource needed for low esteem organizations
Role of ILOS: ILO =
International Labour Organization. It was founded in 1919 and became a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946. It is a tripartite organization, meaning it brings together governments, employers and workers. Its main purpose is to promote social justice and decent work and to establish international rules that protect workers. The ILO creates Labour Standards, mainly through Conventions and Recommendations. These standards help countries make labour laws and policies and ensure that economic development goes together with social justice, dignity and decent working conditions. Are an important part of its strategy for dealing with globalization, poverty and sustainable development.
A PATH TO DECENT WORK:
Work is connected to human dignity, well-being and development. Economic development should not only create jobs; it should create jobs with freedom, safety and dignity. International labour standards help make economic development more fair and human-centred.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR FAIR AND STABLE GLOBALIZATION:
Globalization requires international rules to protect workers. The ILO contributes to an international legal framework for labour. Its structure allows governments, employers and workers to participate. Standards establish minimum social protections that countries should respect.
PLAYING FIELD:
International labour standards prevent countries from gaining a competitive advantage by lowering labour standards. Very low labour standards can encourage industries based on low wages, low skills and high worker turnover. Minimum standards should apply broadly so competition is not based on exploiting workers.
IMPROVING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCe:
Respecting labour standards can also improve productivity and economic performance.
Better wages and working conditions can increase worker satisfaction and reduce turnover.
Training improves the quality of the workforce. Social protection can help workers and economies adapt to change. Collective bargaining can improve cooperation and stability.
SAFETY NET IN TIMES OF ECONOMIC CRISIS:
Economic crises can quickly increase unemployment and reverse economic progress. Examples mentioned include the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 2000 dot-com crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis.
The effects of crises can be worse when countries lack: Social protection-Active labour-market policies-Social dialogue
A STRATEGY FOR REDUCING POVERTY:
Good legal institutions help create stable and efficient labour markets.
Important institutions protect: property rights/Contracts/Legal procedures/People from crime
Labour standards can help workers in both the formal and informal economy. Freedom of association, social protection, occupational safety and training can contribute to poverty reduction.
THE SUM OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE:
International labour standards are based on discussions between: Governments,Employers,Workers,Experts .They represent international experience and consensus..Countries can use this knowledge when creating labour policies and laws.. Their legal character helps connect international standards with national legal systems.
ABOUT THE ILO:
Founded in 1919. Became a UN specialized agency in 1946.It has a tripartite structure:GovernmentsEmployersWorkers .Its main bodies include the International Labour Conference and the Governing Body.Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland. Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969.
WHAT ARE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS?
International Labour Standards are legal instruments created through the ILO.
They are developed with participation from governments, employers and workers.
There are two main types:
Conventions
International treaties. Become legally binding when a country ratifies them.A ratifying country must apply them in law and practice. Countries must report on their implementation.
Recommendations:
Not legally binding.Provide guidelines and additional details about labour policies and practices.
FUNDAMENTAL CONVENTIONS
No. 87 – Freedom of AssociationNo. 98 – Right to Organise and Collective BargainingNo. 29 – Forced LabourNo. 105 – Abolition of Forced LabourNo. 138 – Minimum AgeNo. 182 – Worst Forms of Child LabourNo. 100 – Equal RemunerationNo. 111 – Discrimination.
GOVERNANCE (PRIORITY) CONVENTIONS
Four important Governance/Priority Conventions are:
No. 81 – Labour Inspection, 1947. No. 129 – Labour Inspection (Agriculture), 1969. No. 144 – Tripartite Consultation, 1976. No. 122 – Employment Policy, 1964.
HOW ARE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS CREATED 8?
A labour issue is identified.The ILO Governing Body places it on the agenda. The ILO prepares a report and questionnaire.
Governments, employers and workers provide comments. The issue is discussed at the International Labour Conference. A draft Convention or Recommendation is prepared. It is discussed again and amended if necessary. The final instrument requires a two-thirds majority to be adopted.
HOW AN INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARD IS ADOPTED
The International Labour Conference includes delegations from member states.
Each delegation has:
2 government representatives
1 employer representative
1 worker representative
Each representative has a vote in the plenary.
RATIFICATION
After a Convention is adopted, each country must submit it to its competent national authority. If a country ratifies it, the Convention becomes legally binding for that country. The Convention normally comes into force 12 months after ratification by two member states. The ILO then supervises how countries apply the Convention.
HOW ARE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS USED?
Governments use standards to: Develop labour laws.
Create social policies.
Improve labour administration. Establish workers’ rights and protections. Use international standards as models, even when they have not ratified a Convention. Courts may also use ratified international standards to help interpret national law.
OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
ILO labour standards also influence organizations such as:
United Nations human-rights bodies ,World Bank, Asian Development Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC)
These organizations increasingly include labour standards in their activities and requirements.
FREE-TRADE AGREEMENTS
Many free-trade agreements include labour provisions.
These provisions may refer to: ILO standards ,Fundamental labour rights ,National labour laws
The number of trade agreements containing labour provisions increased over time.
THE ROLE OF EMPLOYERS’ AND WORKERS’ ORGANIZATIONS
They participate in the ILO by:
Choosing subjects for discussion. Helping draft standards. Voting at the International Labour Conference. Encouraging ratification.
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION
Freedom of association is a fundamental ILO principle.
Workers and employers have the right to form and join their own organizations. It is essential for:
Collective bargaining -Social dialogue- Defending workers’ and employers’ interests
What are International Labour Standards?
They are legal instruments created by the ILO.
They establish basic principles and rights at work.
There are Conventions and Recommendations.
Conventions can become legally binding when ratified.
Recommendations are non-binding guidelines.
How are International Labour Standards created?
Problem → Governing Body → ILO Office report → comments → first discussion → draft → second discussion → adoption
International Labour Standards are adopted by the International Labour Conference with a two-thirds majority.
2 government delegates 1 employer delegate 1 worker delegate //one vote each
How do international labour standards contribute to economic development and social justice?
They promote decent work and human dignity.
They create a level playing field between countries.
They can improve productivity and economic performance.
They provide a safety net during economic crises.
They contribute to poverty reduction.
They establish minimum rules for workers’ rights.
What is your opinion about the reading?
the reading is very important because it shows that economic development should not only focus on making more money or increasing productivity, but also on protecting workers and their rights. I think international labour standards are necessary because they establish basic rules for decent working conditions, equality, freedom, and social protection. I also found it interesting that good labour conditions can actually improve productivity and economic performance, instead of being an obstacle to development. The reading also explains how these standards can help countries during economic crises and reduce poverty. Overall, I think the main message is that economic development and social justice should work together.
FORCED LABOUR
Forced labour is a violation of fundamental human rights. It involves work or services performed under the threat of a penalty and without the person’s voluntary consent.
Forms can include: Slavery -Trafficking- Bonded labour -Forced domestic work
RELEVANT ILO INSTRUMENTS
Convention No. 29 – Forced Labour, 1930
Defines forced labour as work or service imposed under the threat of a penalty and without voluntary consent.
Convention No. 105 – Abolition of Forced Labour, 1957
Prohibits forced labour when used for purposes such as: Political coercion- Labour discipline -Punishment for participation in strikes -Discrimination
2014 Protocol :Strengthens prevention, protection and compensation for victims of forced labour.
CHILD LABOUR
Child labour violates fundamental rights. It can harm children’s:
Education- Health Development -Future employment opportunities. Child labour is strongly connected with poverty.
Convention No. 138 – Minimum Age
- General minimum working age: 15.
- Light work: 13.
- Hazardous work: 18.
EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND TREATMENT
Discrimination in employment is a global problem.
It can be based on: Sex- Race/colour
- Ethnic origin
- Religion
- Political opinion
- Social origin
- Discrimination can reduce access to:
- Jobs
- Training
- Equal wages