White & Gray Matter, CNS, ANS, Hormones & Reflex Arc
Tema15 1_Explica the difference between white matter and gray matter and the generic function of each. In the CNS can distinguish the white matter and gray matter. The white matter consists of axons covered with myelin, which are the nerve pathways, and the gray matter, an accumulation of cell bodies and dendrites, essentially, that are the hubs and integración.E2_Describe elementos.La the synapse and synapse is the area of functional communication between two distinguished neuronas.En synapses: an area presináptica, corresponding to the axon of a neuron through which information arrives, a postsynaptic, that is the specialized part of another neuron to which the information is intended nervous, and, finally, the synaptic cleft, which is the space zonas.3_Enumera separates the two types of nerve fibers that exist and explains how impulsos.Hay transmit two types of nerve fibers: sensitivas.Las the motor and the motor fibers, transmit the orders to the effectors, such as heart muscle, glands and musculature lisa.Las sensory fibers, they send impulses to the centers nerviosos.4_El central nervous system (CNS) of all vertebrates is protected by a membranous structure. Describe how this structure is being humano.El CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord. Both the brain and spinal cord are surrounded by a membranous structure called the meninges. The meninges is a membrane system whose complexity increases as the evolutionary scale. In mammals there tris: pia mater, arachnoid and varieties duramadre.5_Explica autonomic nervous system (ANS). In SNA there are two subsystems: the sympathetic and the sympathetic parasimpático.-system: the fibers emerging from the thoracic and lumbar spine. The nodes, which are interspersed between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers are located close to the bone on either side of this. The preganglionic fibers are short, while postganglionic parasympathetic are largas.-System: the fibers exit the brain and spinal sacral area. In the autonomic ganglia are located close to the effector organs or even in them, so they are scattered and not arranged in chains. For this reason its preganglionic fibers are long, whereas postganglionic cortas.6_ What are hormones have the same effects as those produced by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? What are the effects? What are the differences between them? Hormones have the same effect as the sympathetic nervous systemare epinephrine and noranieladina. The effects are responses to stress and states of emergency. Q The differences are these hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands and the sympathetic system is a collection of glands that make the chain How ganglionar.7_ called releasing factors contribute to the functional integration of the hypothalamic-pituitary? Stimulate the release of a of anterior pituitary hormones, which in turn may regulate the release of hormones from other endocrine gland. SNC-duality 8_Explica SNPA SNC originates from the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whose mission is to connect all the receptors and effectors in the body with the nerve centers. Consist of an afferent pathway, composed of neurons that carry information from receptors to CNS, and the efferent pathway that leads from the CNS responses to efectores.9_Comenta morphology and function of the bone extending from espinal.Se base of the brain to the second lumbar vertebra. It has a very narrow central cavitya (ependyma), which is a continuation of the existing ventricles in the brain and also contains cerebrospinal fluid. Inside the spinal nerve cell bodies are clustered, which contain coloring gray (gray. Axons originate the white matter surrounding the gray, forming longitudinal beams leading to the brain sensitive currents (bottom beam) and motor currents from the brain to the muscles and glands (beams descendants). The gray matter is shaped like a butterfly, and their ends are called horns, which are divided into anterior or ventral horns (where they exit the motor fibers) and posterior horns or Dorsal (where sensory fibers enter.) sensory and motor fibers join to form spinal nerves raquídeos.La performs the following functions: “Transmits impulses both to and from higher centers (leading role due to white matter) Controls .- reflex activities which do not require orders from higher centerss (due to gray) .10 _Explica the establishment of a reflex arc and its operation and produces a reflex arc esquema.El produces a specific response to a given stimulus. The simple reflex arc (monosynaptic) is set by a sensory neuron, from a receiver, which synapses in the cord with a motor or efferent neuron that connects with the effector. In most reflex arcs intermediate connections occur because of association neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons (polysynaptic reflex). All reflex arcs pass through the spinal cord, but there is a functional connection with the rest of SNC.El effect of activity is called a reflex arc reflex or simply a mirror. Reflexes may be innate or adquiridos.11_Describe the similarities and differences between the forms of system performance