Understanding the Human Body Systems

Posted on Feb 4, 2024 in Biology

SKELETAL SYSTEM:

 is your body’s central framework. It consists of bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. It’s also called the musculoskeletal system.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM:

is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body.

NERVOUS SYSTEM: 

controls everything you do, including breathing, walking, thinking, and feeling. This system is made up of your brain, spinal cord, and all the nerves of your body. The nerves carry the messages to and from the body, so the brain can interpret them and take action.

BRAIN (CEREBRO):

 controls voluntary movements, speech, intelligence, memory, emotions and processes the information it receives through the senses.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: 

The glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body. The hormones released by the endocrine system control many important functions in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: 

The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels (a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells).

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: 

The system in living organisms that takes up oxygen and discharges carbon dioxide in order to satisfy energy requirements. In the living organism, energy is liberated, along with carbon dioxide, through the oxidation of molecules containing carbon.

LUNG (PULMÓN): 

draw oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide in a process called gas exchange. In addition to your lungs, your respiratory system includes airways, muscles, blood vessels, and tissues that help make breathing possible.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

: The organs that take in food and liquids and break them down into substances that the body can use for energy, growth, and tissue repair. Waste products the body cannot use leave the body through bowel movements.

LIVER (HIGADO)→

Secretes bile, which allows the transport of waste and the breakdown of fat in the small intestine during digestion. Makes certain proteins for blood plasma. It produces cholesterol and special proteins that allow it to send fats throughout the body. Balances and manufactures glucose as needed by the body.

STOMACH: 

The stomach is the portion of the digestive system that deals with breaking down food. The lower esophagus sphincter in the upper part of the stomach regulates the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach and prevents stomach contents from returning to the esophagus.

INTESTINE: 

Its function is to continue the process of digestion of food that comes from the stomach, and to absorb nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats and proteins) and water for use in the body.

PANCREAS: 

The pancreas is a long, flat gland that lies horizontally behind the stomach. It has a role in digestion and in the regulation of blood sugar levels

GALLBLADDER (VESÍCULA BILIAR): 

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. The gallbladder concentrates and stores bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with the digestion of fats from food as it passes through the small intestine.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: 

The system that contains the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body. This system helps tissues get enough oxygen and nutrients, and it helps them get rid of waste products. The lymph system, which connects with the blood system, is often considered part of the circulatory system.

HEART (CORAZÓN): 

The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body. Blood supplies oxygen and nutrients to the entire body and removes carbon dioxide and waste elements. As blood travels through the body, oxygen is consumed and the blood becomes deoxygenated.

URINARY SYSTEM: 

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The main function of the urinary system is to eliminate the waste products of metabolism from the body by forming and excreting urine .

KIDNEY (RIÑON):

The kidneys remove waste and excess fluid from the body. The kidneys also remove acid produced by the body’s cells and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals (such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium) in the blood.

BLADDER (VEJIGA): 

The bladder is a hollow muscular organ in the shape of a balloon. It sits above the pelvis, and is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvic bones and other organs. Its function is to store urine.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: 

The tissues, glands, and organs involved in producing offspring (children). In women, the reproductive system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, the cervix, and the vagina.

Chemotherapy: 

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. It works by stopping cancer cells from growing and dividing into more cells. Because cancer cells tend to grow and divide faster than normal cells, chemotherapy has a greater effect on cancer cells.

Immunotherapy:

 is a type of cancer treatment that depends on the body’s ability to fight infection (immune system). This therapy uses substances made by the body or in a laboratory to help the immune system work harder or more focused to fight cancer.

Radiotherapy: r

adiation therapy uses x-rays, radioactive particles, or seeds to kill cancer cells. Cells of this type grow and divide faster than normal cells in the body. Because radiation is more harmful to rapidly growing cells, radiation therapy damages cancer cells more than normal cells. This prevents cancer cells from growing and dividing, leading to cell death.

The two main types of radiation therapy are:

External radiotherapy: 

This is the most common way. In it, x-rays or particles are directed at the tumor from outside the body.

Internal radiotherapy: 

This form provides radiation within his body. It can be delivered through radioactive seeds that are placed in or near the tumor; a liquid or pill that you swallow; or through a vein (intravenous or IV).

Advantage has immunotherapy?

The main advantage of immunotherapy is its specificity. Unlike chemotherapy, which affects all cells in the body (but cancer cells more intensely), or radiotherapy, which acts locally, immunotherapy seeks out specific parts of the cells. Some immunotherapy treatments help the immune system stop or slow the growth of cancer cells. Others help the immune system destroy cancer cells or keep cancer from spreading to other parts of the body.

Side effects of chemotherapy: 

Nausea and vomiting. – Diarrhea – Constipation – Alterations in the mucosa of the mouth – Alterations in the perception of the taste of food.

Side Effects of immunotherapy: 

Skin reactions. – Flu-like symptoms. –  Muscle pains. –  Weight gain due to fluid retention. –  Congestion of the paranasal sinuses. –  Shortness of breath (difficulty breathing). –  Hormonal changes, including hypothyroidism, which occurs when the thyroid does not produce enough thyroid hormones and can lead to fatigue and weight gain. – Leg swelling (oedema) – Headaches. – Diarrhea. – Cough