Understanding Text Types: Exposition, Argumentation, and Prescription
Exposition
Information effectively
Ideas in order
- The president orders a consistent and clarifying some terms.
Exposition is a kind of speech that has the main purpose of transmitting information in an objective, orderly, and clear manner.
Types:
- Outreach: Addressed to recipients without specific knowledge.
- Expertise: Addressed to recipients that do have such knowledge.
Structure
Texts are as consistent as possible, in a framed structure. It consists of three parts:
- Introduction: Subject to be treated.
- Development: Data is transmitted in an order (causality, space, chronological, and enumerative).
- Conclusion: Mini summary to close the text.
Procedures
- Definition
- Comparison
- Exemplification
- Question-answer
- Problem-solving
Language
- Objectivity, clarity, and order.
- The lexicon retains its meaning straight. Data and techniques are used.
- Connectors indicate the relationship between sentences and the order in which the action progresses.
Argumentation
One view is supported by data and reasoning with which it is an argument intended to persuade.
Definition: Argumentation is a mode of discourse which is to defend an idea, giving valid reasons.
Elements:
- The subject or topic.
- The thesis reviews the topic.
- Thesis and supporting arguments.
Structure
- Introduction: Presents the topic.
- Exposition: Exposes the thesis.
- Arguments: Arguments are presented.
- Conclusion: The text closes.
Arguments
According to three criteria: Its role, its content, and purpose.
Functions of Arguments
- Arguments in support: Those who are used to support the view.
- Counterarguments: To reject arguments. If it is a total rejection, it is called refutation. If concessions are rejected, it is called negotiation.
Classes of Arguments
- Reasoning of the majority (most preferable to least).
- Utility argument (as useful for what is not).
- Ethical argument.
- Hedonistic argument.
Purpose of Arguments
- Rational argument: If the issuer’s intention is to demonstrate his thesis.
- Emotional argument: Especially if the issuer wants to persuade the recipient.
Prescription
Prescription is a type of discourse that aims to regulate or guide the behavior of receivers in the development of an activity or task.
Types:
- Drafting materials: Orders or rules intended to regulate behavior.
- Instructional: Tips or instructions to follow to achieve the goal.
Structure
- The goal: The goal intended by the rules or instructions.
- Program: Set of rules or instructions in chronological order of importance or enumerative.
Language
- Clarity, order, precision, and receiver appellation.
- Can be used:
- Joint visual or verbal code.
- Descriptive sequences.
- Markers of order.
- Hortatory value verb forms (imperative, infinitive, etc.).
Text
A text is a complete message that is transmitted orally or in writing in an act of communication.
Features
- The text is a message that is presented as complete.
- It is a closed universe of language. The initial quote is what the text refers to, nothing else.
- It has thematic unity. Thematic differences are in the service of a common theme.
- Displays internal cohesion. Its component statements relate grammatically and semantically.
Fitness
- The recipient: Relationship between speaker and himself. We do not talk the same way to a person with whom we have no relationship.
- The situation: In a formal setting, it is not the same as in an informal situation.
- The medium: (Oral or written). Letters and conversations are expressed differently.
Coherence
- Principle of the relationship theme: The ideas of a text must be related to the topic in question.
- Principle of relevance: Ideas should be commensurate with the context.
- Principle of contradiction: All ideas must be compatible.
Cohesion
Statements of a text relate to each other with lexical and grammatical components that make sense.
Correction
The language written in the text should be used properly and without spelling errors.