Understanding Learning: Processes and Concepts
Item 1
Learning: Experience is the key to learning.
Learning by association: Connect naturally occurring events in sequence.
External expertise: The coming of sensation and perception.
Inner experience: The one that comes from the mind and has to do with the way we feel the world.
Projection: defense mechanism that is free from internal and painful emotions put into a person from the outside world.
Additional Series: Genetic predisposition and appropriate experience.
Item 2
Freud: I think there are 2 ways to learn, experience and unconscious desire.
Conditioning: One of the processes for learning by association.
Classical Conditioning: Learning by association of 2 stimuli. Prepares the bodies to good and bad events. Pavlov
Operant conditioning: learning to associate a response with its consequences. Skinner
Another way to learn is by observation.
Permanent Change: Learning promotes a change in the behavior of an organism and by the experience, resulting in our skills.
Behavior: Reaction of various forms against the new knowledge.
Experience: It comes from contact with the world and learning that comes from experience.
Difference between learning and performance: Well they differ in that learning is what you learn from experience and what you learn as you execute a response.
Unconditioned response: A response is not learned.
Unconditioned stimulus: Reflection not learned, natural.
Neutral stimulus: Stimulus natural
Conditioned response: Response learned.
Conditioned stimulus: Stimulates the learned response
Acquisition of a conditioned response depends on the proximity of the stimulus.
Acquisition: Initial stage of learning.
Extinction of the conditioned response: When the conditioned response diminishes.
Shaping: Reinforcing successive approximations to the desired response.
Resistance to extinction: Knowing how long the body continues to respond after they removed the enhancer ah.
Stimulus discrimination: Signal affecting operant behavior indicating the probable consequences of response.
Booster: What increases the frequency of responses
Positive reinforcer: Award tangible.
Negative reinforcer: Ways to reduce hostile stimulus.
Punishment: Contrary to the reinforcer, weakens and reduces any response.
Cognitive learning: In what way does the attention, all the mental processes responsible for increasing our understanding of the world.
Observational learning: Response of an organism that is influenced by observing others, whom we call models.
Model: People who show a behavior you want to be copied by another.
Mirror neuron: neurons in the frontal lobe and are responsible for learning by observation.
Item 3
Neuronal plasticity: The ability of the nervous system is temporarily or permanently change patterns of sympathetic connection to modify the paths of interconnections between neurons.
Item 4
Phases and Types of Memory
Levels of processing:
Structure: Physical structure of the stimulus
Phonics: Name the words.
Semantic meaning of the words
Coding:
Automatic: When the info has to do with notions time and frequency space.
Preparation: Create partnerships that enable us to develop the info.
Imagination: Creating visual images to store what we learn.
Short-term memory: 2 key characteristics, limited capacity and little storage.
Long-term memory: Ability to store info and keep it for a long time.
Sensory Memory: Save the info in their original sensory form for a short time, usually for a fraction of a second.
Retrieve info: Find info systematically stored in our long-term memory.
Item 5
Oblivion
Mnemonic traces: Term used by Freud in his work to describe how events are entered in memory.
Proactive Interference: Occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information.
Retroactive Interference: Occurs when the new information makes the collection of previously learned information