Understanding Financial Imbalance & Project Management
Ways to Calculate the Financial Margin (FM)
The financial margin can be calculated using the following formulas:
- AC – PC
- (PN + PnoC) – ANOC (long term)
Suspension of Payments
Suspension of payments refers to a temporary financial imbalance in the OAT (Operating Assets Turnover) where the firm does not have enough resources to deal with its short-term debts. This can be determined by analyzing the liquidity ratio. It is a reversible situation.
“Situación” Bankruptcy
“Situación” bankruptcy indicates a total financial imbalance. The company cannot meet its obligations, even by selling all of its assets. This is an irreversible situation, measured by the solvency ratio.
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal situation in which a judge determines how to carry out the liquidation of the company.
1. Project Management
1.1. The Business Idea, Promoters, and Prerequisites
Business Ideas
Business ideas can originate from several sources:
- Personal Motivation: This includes training, hobbies, previous work experience, and a network of personal contacts.
- Copying or Importing Existing Businesses: For example, through a franchise. A franchise is a contract where a consolidated company (franchisor) grants a third party (franchisee) the right to use its brand and distribute its products, including advice, in exchange for a percentage of profits (royalty).
- Observation: Identifying unmet needs or needs that are only partially met.
Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs: Maslow stated that we have a series of needs that we cover progressively, from basic to more complex ones.
- The base of the pyramid consists of physiological needs: food, clothing, and housing.
- Above this is the need for security: the desire to maintain covered physiological needs in the future (e.g., lasting and stable contracts, a job).
- The third pillar is the social need: the feeling of acceptance and belonging within a group (e.g., Goths, bikers, wanting to be recognized as high social class, etc.).
- The fourth pillar is the need for esteem: self-esteem, treatment, and assessment by groups.
- Finally, the need for self-actualization: based on the attainment of personal, intimate goals.
- Industry Environment: New opportunities arise in sectors like singles/seniors services, prepared foods, environmental solutions (solar panels), aesthetics and image, and internet commerce.
Promoters
Promoters are the individuals responsible for launching the business project. They possess an entrepreneurial spirit, characterized by enthusiasm, creativity, and a strong work ethic. While many entrepreneurial skills can be learned, they are often innate.
Key capabilities associated with successful entrepreneurs include:
- Creativity: Using imagination to analyze situations and propose improvements.
- Initiative: The capacity to undertake new actions.
- Responsibility: The determination to fulfill obligations and accept consequences.
- Perseverance: Maintaining dedication and working towards goals despite difficulties.
- Planning: Establishing guidelines and objectives, and organizing resources to achieve them.
- Teamwork Ability: Developing tools to foster a positive work environment and utilizing emotional intelligence.
- Leadership Skills: The ability to convince, charisma, communication skills, and the ability to persuade others.
- Self-Confidence.
- Mastery of New Technologies and Languages.
Prerequisites
Prerequisites are circumstances that are not only appropriate but necessary for a business project’s success. These may relate to the promoter’s preparation, market readiness, and the opportune timing for undertaking the business.
1.2. Legal Forms
SA (Sociedad Anónima): It is a type of mercantile society characterized by the following [Further details about SA are missing from the original text and should be added here if available].