Understanding Chemical Systems and Their Phases
System is the set of chemicals selected for study in isolation from the outside environment. It is a mixture of simple and composite bodies in varying proportions, among which can produce physical, chemical, or physical-chemical phases. Any part of a system that has properties physically distinguishable from other single components or composite bodies that make up the system initially can be distinguished in the system in equilibrium. Solid solutions: their classes. Plot your cooling solid solution is one in which the solute atoms are in the crystal lattice of the solvent. There are two types: Intersticial: solute atoms occupy the holes of the solvent; Substitution: solute atoms replace the recrystallization temperature of the solvent from the temperature at which rearrangement of atoms in the melting crystallized network occurs. The melting temperature will be higher the greater the force of liaison that keeps the atoms in the lattice. Equilibrium reaction monotectics is named one in which a molten solution on cooling becomes immiscible, breaking windows while the system of one component. Rules of Portevin: 1) Each balancing zone can have at most 2 phases. 2) Except in the region of the liquid phase, all other single-phase regions are occupied by solid phases. 3) When crossing a line in the diagram, the number of phases varies from unit. 4) Any region bounded by a horizontal line contains two phases. 5) Two-phase regions bounded by the same horizontal line contain no more than 3 phases associated. 6) Any phase that is not in a two-phase region is a pure metal or composite defined. 7) The region of phase equilibrium can be zoned by a vertical stem from a singular point of a horizontal line diagram. Supercritical annealed steel, when heated to temperatures exceeding the critical (maximum temperature that is not based on material), causes cavities blowholes from gases that are dissolved in an alloy when they are locked into the same system after solidification. Stable, metastable, and unstable systems: Stable system: when no unstable system varies: varies with changes in external conditions. Metastable system: the state does not change unless external conditions take a particular value. Sintering: agglomeration of very fine particles by pressing and heating for some time below the melting temperature of the main component. The process is based on the diffusion of a chemical heterogeneity segregation that arises during solidification. Crystallization systems can be regarded as the lattice point in a plane ordered and equidistant. – Cubic (axes and angles = 90°; simple cubic, body-centered, and face-centered) – Tetragonal (2 axes and angles = 90°; simple and focused on the body) – Orthorhombic (distinct axes and angles 90°; simple, body-centered on the faces at the bases and faces) – Rhombohedral (axes and angles 2 = 19° and 1 unequal simple) – Hexagonal (2 axes = 1 uneven, 2 angles 90 degrees and another 120°; simple) – Monoclinic (axes and 2 different angles 90° and a separate, simple focused on the base) – Triclinic (axes and angles 90°; simple). Hardenability is the capacity of a material to be mild. Temperatures: Ac0 – 210° magnetic exchange Cm, Ac1 – 723° limit perlite; Ac2 – 768° Ferrite magnetic change, Ac3 – 723° to 910° limit Ferrite; Ac4 – 1492° No upper limit austenite. Valencia indicates an element electrons in the last layer of the element that are responsible for the links.