Types of Education and Educational Goals: A Comprehensive Guide
Education is a human process, sociocultural, and permanently oriented toward the training of the individual and the betterment of society. Its goals are the socialization of new generations, preparing them to transform and create culture, and citizenship training.
Key Aspects of Education:
- Communication: The educational process is established between teacher and pupil. Communication is the quintessential mechanism in education. The equation requires information for training.
- Intent: Education exists when someone intends to educate and be educated. However, there is the possibility of unintended influences that still have educational effects on individuals.
- Values: Learning should be oriented toward, or serve to orient the individual to, the world of values, beliefs, or ideologies.
- Pragmatism: Education must help individuals learn to live, so it must have a pragmatic side. We must be able to cope with life’s problems and overcome difficulties.
Types of Education
Formal Education:
The highly institutionalized educational system. It is chronologically graded and hierarchically structured (primary to university).Non-formal Education:
Organized activity outside the formal education system to facilitate specific learning for particular subgroups within the population (children and adults). Examples include private tuition and extracurricular activities.Informal Education:
An educational process throughout life referring to knowledge, skills, and wisdom gained through daily experiences and interaction with the environment. This occurs in everyday life.
Educational Goals/Purposes in Families
Basic Socialization:
Within a particular context of language, customs, and relationships.General Direction in Life:
This translates into moral, religious, and professional guidance.Identification with Gender Roles:
Through living with parents and siblings of the same and opposite sex.Attitudes, Habits, and Interpersonal Relationships:
Expressed through positive self-concept, personal discipline, and self-improvement. This occurs through communication channels established with elders, peers, authorities, and others.
Current Concept of Educator
An educator is a person who has an obligation to educate due to professional, moral, or social development reasons. They should be considered a lifelong learner. The difference between teachers and learners is a matter of degree in the need and obligation to educate (the teacher continues their education while educating others).
Teaching Duties
Teaching Duties:
Planning Curriculum:
Anticipating the activities to be carried out with students due to the administrative requirements of the curriculum. Once the activity is planned, implementation follows.Teaching-Learning Process:
Implementing teaching strategies and everything necessary to achieve the objectives.Evaluation:
Assessing the process and identifying any difficulties encountered by pupils.
Tutorial Function:
Allows students to meet with and receive advice to personalize their homework and personal decisions. This function must be constant and include direct contact with the family.Socio-environmental Relations Function:
Schools and teachers need to maintain social contact with the surrounding environment. Performing realistic and contextualized instruction involves using training facilities that the environment offers.Didactic Training and Innovation Function:
Teachers must have access to training and must embrace change to improve or enhance education while ensuring that standards and techniques are not applied mechanically.
Characteristics of the Traditional School
Magistrocentrism:
A characteristic of the traditional school. It summarizes the teacher-pupil relationship in which the teacher is responsible for the collective management of schoolwork, being the fundamental base that supports the educational process.Logocentrism:
Thorough knowledge organization. It focuses on teaching, regardless of the interests and psychological development of the learner. Time is bounded.Schedule:
Time is bounded, and hours are not flexible.School Manual:
Collects all the content that students should know. Everything is logically and properly prepared, always following the logic of the subject and without taking into account the psychology of the learner.Uniform Teaching Method:
The teaching method is the same for all and is addressed to the average, ideal student, regardless of individual differences. All students are led to an average level, and there is no personalized education. The child is solely the recipient of knowledge.
Paidocentrism is a characteristic of the New School that opposes magistrocentrism. Education focuses on each individual student, placing children’s interests at the center of the educational process. Childhood is not a state of imperfection but an age that has its purpose and functionality.
Progressive Pedagogy (J. Dewey)
Instrumental:
Thought is given instrumental value to solve social problems.Experimental Learning by Action:
The individual has to explore, experiment, and build their learning.Curriculum:
It has to be related to everyday experiences and generate the interest of the child.Teaching Methods:
They arise from a problematic situation and then resolve it.Learning by Doing:
Learning occurs through practice. It relates to magistrocentrism and paidocentrism, what is observed (seen), and what can be manipulated.Education:
It must be both intellectual and professional. Both should be productive in fixing problems.
Personalistic Education
Axiological Conception:
Education is not taught; it is the person who acquires a set of (positive) values.Freedom:
Of vital importance for the realization of the individual.Creativity:
Embodied in the unique universe of each person, whose horizon of love appears in society.Permanent Building:
The unfinished nature of humans requires continuous personal development.Human Communication (Teacher-Student):
The teaching relationship is manifested in dialogue and reaches emotional and intellectual levels.Comprehensive Education:
It must affect the individual’s intellectual, emotional, moral, and physical aspects, the social self as a person living in society, and the cultural self, the person who comes from a culture.
Movement-School
It proposes that school, as an institution and strategy, should solve the problems posed by advanced industrial societies by changing school structures that have formed the basis for education. This results in formal education, as opposed to education where natural and authentic knowledge originates. It tries to form a homogeneous group that does not develop individuals.
Ethical Commitment
An ethical code guides educators’ actions from an ethical perspective. The activity, which has always had moral implications, is carried out directly on individuals with the intention of seeking their completion. A professional educator has a personal commitment to a moral project.