Types of Disinfectants and Antiseptics: Uses, Precautions, and Spectrum of Action

Posted on May 15, 2024 in Biology

  1. ALCOHOLIC: ANTISEPTIC DISINFECTANT, LEVEL: LOW CONCENTRATION: 70% or 96%, disinfection times: Greater or equal to 10 min, SPECTRUM OF ACTION: Bacteria and mycobacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses. MECHANISM OF ACTION: dehydrating and DENATURED PROTEINS. DIRECTIONS: NO CRITICAL EQUIPMENT, SURGICAL HAND WASHING. DISADVANTAGES: OFF WITH ORGANIC MATTER, IRRITANT SKIN, heals wounds. CAUTION: FLAMMABLE.

FORMALDEHYDE: DISINFECTANT. LEVEL: HIGH. DISADVANTAGES: CORROSIVE, carcinogenic, IRRITATING Niriz RESPIRATORY TRACT AND EYES. PRECAUCIONES: masks, gloves, NO USE FOR ENVIRONMENT. GLUTARALDEHYDE: DISINFECTANT. LEVEL: HIGH. CONCENTRATION: 2% solution. When combined with 7% phenol, phenolate GLUTARALDEHYDE FORM IS LESS TOXIC AND CORROSIVE. DISINFECTION TIME: 20 TO 45 MIN. 6 H IS FOR THE SPORES VACTERIANAS leveled. ESPPECTRO OF ACTION: VIRUS BACTERIA AND FUNGI ON MYCOBACTERIA, mild action. DIRECTIONS: Dialysis DISINFECTION EQUIPMENT, RESPIRATION, ANESTHESIA, NOT APPLIED MATERIALS ON NO CRITICAL AREAS IS TOXIC. DISADVANTAGES: Sensitization possible by inhalation or contact. Precautions: adequate protection, APART FROM OTHER AREAS. Orthophthalaldehyde (OPA): DISINFECTANT, LEVEL: HIGH. DIRECTIONS: COMPATIBLE WITH MOST OF OR CAVITIES WITH LIGHTS INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED IN AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINES. Hydrogen peroxide number (hydrogen peroxide): DISINFECTANT. LEVEL: HIGH LOW AS ANTISEPTIC. CONCENTRATION: 3 and 25%. DISINFECTION TIME: 3H. SPECTRUM ACTION: VIRUSES AND MYCOBACTERIA HONFOS, less bacteria and their spores. MECHANISMS OF ACTION: CELLULAR MENBRANAS DESTRUCTION, AND, OTHER CELLULAR COMPONENTS. DIRECTIONS: 3% ANTISEPTIC HEALING OF 6 TO 25% HIGH-LEVEL DISINFECTANT METERS CONTACT LENSES. DISADVANTAGES: NOT COMPATIBLE WITH ZINC, BRASS, NICKEL, COPPER. SERIOUS DAMAGE TO EYE CONTACT. PRECAUTIONS: DAMAGE RUBBER, METALS, PLASTICS. Do not inject into closed cavities. PHENOL: DISINFECTANT. LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE-LOW. CONCENTRATION: DEPENDING ON THE PRODUCT. DIRECTIONS: DISINFECTION NO CRITICAL AREAS AND EQUIPMENT. WEAKNESSES: MUCOUS SKIN IRRITATION, FRET EFFICIENCY DECREASES organic matter, odor, hyperbilirubinemia in infants.

  1. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach): DISINFECTANT. LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE-HIGH. CONCENTRATION: MARKETING usual 50 g / l of active chlorine, DEPENDS ON WHAT WE WANT TO REMOVE OR DESTROY THE GERM. DISINFECTION TIME: 10 MIN. SPECTRUM OF ACTION: DESTROY BACTERIA VIRUS, AND SPORES AMICOBACTERIAS VARIABLE. MECHANISMS OF ACTION: INACTIVE NUCLEIC ACIDS, ENZYMES AND DENATURED PROTEINS INHIBIT. DIRECTIONS: FLOORING, TOILET, FOOD PREPARATION AREA, WATER TREATMENT, APARADTOS DIALYSIS.DISADVANTAGES: DETERIORATING MATEL, influence pH, DO NOT USE with acid and ammonium STEAM PRODUCE CHLORINE, COMBINED with formaldehyde is carcinogenic. CAUTIONS: diluted in cold water do not mix with other disinfectants.
  2. Benzalkonium chloride ANTISEPTIC. LEVEL: LOW. CONCENTRATION: DEPENDING ON THE PRODUCT. Disinfection times: DEPENDING ON THE PRODUCT. SPECTRUM ACTION: GRAM + BACTERICIDE ineffective Gram -, ACTIVE AGAINST FUNGI enveloped viruses against mycobacteria NULL AND SPORES. MECHANISM OF ACTION: INACTIVE and protein denaturation, BREAKING THE CELL MNEBRANA. DIRECTIONS: disinfection of floors, walls, beds, furniture. CAUTIONS: DO NOT USE WITH anionic detergents, hard water or cotton, not run, low toxicity.
  3. Povidone iodine (Betadine): disinfectants and antiseptics. LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE. CONCENTRATION: 7.5 A 10% DISINFECTANT AND ANTISEPTIC 0.75 A 1.2%. DISINFECTION TIME: 10 MIN. SPECTRUM ACTION: Gram + and Gram-, FACING SOME MYCOBACTERIA, non-enveloped viruses and fungi. MECHANISM OF ACTION: ALTERA Proteins and nucleic acids. DIRECTIONS: HYDROTHERAPY TANK DISINFECTION, BOTTLES, THERMOMETERS, PREOPERATIVE SKIN, WOUNDS CONTAMINATED OR NOT. DISADVANTAGES: DECREASES WITH ALKALINE SUBSTANCE AND ORGANIC MATTER, corrosive effect on metal. CAUTIONS: ALLERGY AND PRODUCES NO DEJA VIEW OF INJURIES TRENDS, can be contaminated in presence of Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus as well as tuberculosis BY USING SANITIZED fiberoptic endoscope with Betadine.
  4. CHLORHEXIDINE: disinfectants and antiseptics. LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE. CONCENTRATION: THE DETERGENTS WITH 4%, 0.1% FOR MUCOSAL. DISINFECTION TIME: 2 TO 20 MIN. SPECTRUM OF ACTION: AGAINST SOME BACTERIA GRAM + AND GRAM-FUNGI. MECHANISM OF ACTION: ALTERA MENBRANA and coagulates nucleic acids and proteins. DIRECTIONS: ANTISEPTIC SKIN, MUCOUS AND WASHING SURGICAL, GENERAL DISINFECTANT MATERIAL. DISADVANTAGES: INACTIVE hard water, soaps and creams, ACTIVITY DECREASES diluted in running water. CAUTIONS: CLEAR SKIN WELL BEFORE USE, DO NOT USE CHLORINATED PRODUCTS MANCHADILUIR with distilled water.