Tourism: Concepts, Definitions, and Measurements
Item 2: Methodology to Implement the Study of Tourism
When Does Tourism Occur?
Tourism emerges around, increasingly from the “Grand Tours” where the children of the nobility undertook these trips to see the world, knowing the history of Romania, France, and the Netherlands.
It was realized between the seventeenth century and late eighteenth century by nobles and renters. It was a contemporary phenomenon.
In the nineteenth century, the bourgeoisie joined, equated with the nobility, and by the end of the century, began the social demands of the workers, such as paid holidays. In the first half of the twentieth century, tourism had features similar to today, where even a remnant of the aristocratic, but significantly affected the purchasing power, is becoming a tourist attraction, like what started romantic interest in the strange. After World War II, accommodation and transport emerged with the onset of mass tourism.
What is Tourism? Why is Tourism Realized?
We will stay with the more usual definition given by the WTO: it says they are the “activities undertaken by persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for less than one consecutive year for leisure, business, or other reasons, and that is not paid on arrival.”
It is done for leisure tourism, business (where I do NOT get paid), health, culture, sport, etc.
What Do You Call People Who Engage in Tourism?
It is called a Visitor, as it is one person traveling outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose is not to exercise a remunerated activity from within the place visited.
In turn, it is divided into tours and excursions, where the first remains at least one night in the place visited, and the second does not stay overnight in the place visited.
What is the Difference Between a Traveler, a Visitor, a Hiker, and a Tourist?
The last three were answered before, but travelers who are visitors are included in the statistics of tourism. A traveler is anyone who moves between two or more different countries or between two or more places within their country of habitual residence.
(Not including some travelers and border workers, temporary migrants, permanent immigrants, nomads, transit passengers, refugees, members of the armed forces, diplomatic and consular representatives.)
What is a Collective Accommodation? What About Private Accommodation? Give an Example of Each Type.
Collective accommodation is one that offers lodging to travelers. The number of seats should be above a specified minimum for groups of people beyond the family unit and provides, which may be non-profit, management of a common commercial for all the places of the establishment.
Private accommodation is anyone who does not comply with the previous definition.
Collective Example: holiday homes, hotels, and similar establishments
Private Example: second homes, rented rooms in private homes
If We Make a Trip for Pleasure, What Will Be Our Point of Origin? And Our Destination? And if We Are Going to Various Sites, What is Our Destination?
Our point of origin will be our place or country of habitual residence. Our destination will be the place visited (motivation). If we are going to various other sites, motivation can influence the distance (the farthest), although often the main destination (which is longer) is the primary factor.
How Do We Measure the Occupancy of an Accommodation?
It is measured by the proportion of rooms or bed-places in collective accommodation establishments of tourism occupied during a certain period (night, month, year).
There are two rates:
- Gross Rate (TBO): considers all the seats regardless of whether part of the establishment is closed for seasonal reasons or other reasons.
- Net Rate (TNO): considers only the available places.
Can You Say What is Included in These “Forms of Tourism”?
Internal tourism: includes tourism by the residents of a country within the territory of that country.
Inbound tourism: tourism conducted in a country by residents of the rest of the world.
Outbound tourism: tourism by the residents of a country in the rest of the world.
Interior, National, International
Domestic tourism: is tourism made by residents and non-residents within a country.
National tourism: includes both tourism by residents of a country in the rest of the world and tourism made by residents of the country within the country.
International tourism: includes tourism by residents of a country in the rest of the world and tourism made in the same country by residents of the rest of the world.